Trial reportRisk management and healthcare policy2021
The Incidence of and Risk Factors for Localized Pain at the Epidural Insertion Site After Epidural Anesthesia: A Prospective Survey of More Than 5000 Cases in Nonobstetric Surgery.
Trial report in Risk management and healthcare policy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Complications Related to Neuraxial Anaesthesia Procedures: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Comparison of accuracy between augmented reality/mixed reality techniques and conventional techniques for epidural anesthesia using a practice phantom model kit.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis prospective research aimed to determine the incidence of and risk factors for localized pain at the epidural insertion site following nonobstetric surgery performed with epidural anesthesia.
methodsA total of 5083 surgical inpatients at the teaching hospital undergoing epidural anesthesia were included in the study. The characteristics of the patients, preoperative basic diseases, details of the epidural techniques, surgical procedures and complications were recorded pre-anesthesia until the complications resolved. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of localized pain at the epidural insertion site.
resultsIn our analysis, target complications were reported in 532 (10.5%) patients; localized pain at the epidural insertion site occurred in 460 (9.05%) patients, while other major complications occurred in 72 (1.45%) patients. A total of 334 patients had mild pain, and 126 patients had moderate pain. The incidence of localized pain at the epidural insertion site was highest among all complications, and the identified risk factors in the multivariate analysis were as follows: lumbar insertion (odds ratio, 1.77; 95% CI 1.33-2.35), age less than 50 years old (odds ratio, 1.56; 95% CI 1.29-1.89), multiple block attempts (odds ratio, 3.39; 95% CI 2.68-4.31), and postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% CI 0.33-0.63).
conclusionLocalized pain at the epidural insertion site is the most common complaint after epidural anesthesia and requires adequate clinical attention. Improving the proficiency of anesthesiologists to avoid repeated punctures is the best way to reduce injuries.
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