Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34079261›Full record

ArticleNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2021

Eating Disorders and the Use of Cognitive Enhancers and Psychostimulants Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Basma Damiri, Omar A Safarini, Zaher Nazzal, Ahmad Abuhassan, Ahmad Farhoud, Nesma Ghanim, Rayyan Al Ali, Mirvat Suhail, Mohammad Qino, Mohammad Zamareh and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

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  16. The association between problematic Internet use, eating disorder behaviors, and well-being among Palestinian university students.Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Basma DamiriMedicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Drug, and Toxicology Division, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.ORCID 0000-0001-8242-391X
Omar A SafariniMedicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
Zaher NazzalMedicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.ORCID 0000-0002-2655-6109
Ahmad AbuhassanAn-Najah National University Hospital, Department of Neurology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
Ahmad FarhoudMedicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
Nesma GhanimMedicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Public Health, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
Rayyan Al AliMedicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Forensic Medicine Institute, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
Mirvat SuhailMedicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
Mohammad QinoMedicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
Mohammad ZamarehMedicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
Ammar ThabalehMedicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
Jihad ZahranMedicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
An-Najah National University · PS

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUniversity students, who are at risk of eating disorders (ED), are more liable to use cognitive enhancers and psychostimulants to improve their cognitive functions and lose weight. ED in Palestinian male students is a neglected health issue. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and the association between ED and cognitive enhancers, and psychostimulants use among An-Najah National University students (ANNU).

methodsIn a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020 at ANNU, 1047 students completed anonymous surveys for cognitive enhancers practice, the Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), Sick, Control, One, Fat and FOOD (SCOFF) screening tests.

resultsThe prevalence of ED among ANNU students was 21.2% based on EAT-26 (17.1% in males, 23.8% in females) and 31.5% based on SCOFF (24.0% in males, 36.3% in females). The binary logistic regression revealed that students at risk to have ED were water-pipe smokers (OR: 1.471, p-value 0.047), especially males, while students who were less likely to have ED were males (OR: 0.341, p-value<0.001), coffee users (OR: 0.581, p-value 0.014) and chocolate users (OR: 0.530, p-value 0.041) than nonusers. Moreover, the risk of ED increased with increasing body mass index (p-value<0.01). Clinical medical students showed the lowest prevalence (11.1%) compared to preclinical (22.5%), health sciences (23.7%), and non-medical students (20.9%) (p-value 0.059).

conclusionOur findings highlight water-pipe smoking as a significant health problem in males with ED, which may require unique treatment and prevention strategies. Moreover, coffee and chocolate consumption were associated with decreased risk of ED, only among males. The gender-gap in ED prevalence was very narrow compared to international results. These results prompt the need to focus on both genders in future studies instead of females. They also suggest the urgent need to address ED among Palestinian university students by educating students about mental health, identifying high-risk students, and offering easily accessible psychological help.

Indexed as

cognitive enhancerseating disorderspsychostimulantstobacco smokingwater-pipe smoking

Identifiers

PMID34079261
PMCPMC8164711
OpenAlexW3164804097

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.