Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34079096›Full record

ArticleNature human behaviour2021

A global analysis of the impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home restrictions on crime.

Amy E Nivette, Renee Zahnow, Raul Aguilar, Andri Ahven, Shai Amram, Barak Ariel, María José Arosemena Burbano, Roberta Astolfi, Dirk Baier, Hyung-Min Bark and 26 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature human behaviour, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Drivers of COVID-19 infections: Perspectives of managers in the Gauteng Department of Health, South Africa.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. The end of an emergency.Nature human behaviour · 2023
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

36 authors.

Amy E NivetteDepartment of Sociology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. a.e.nivette@uu.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0597-3648
Renee ZahnowSchool of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5796-9443
Raul AguilarMossos d'Esquadra, Catalan Police, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0541-4910
Andri AhvenMinistry of Justice, Tallin, Estonia.
Shai AmramInstitute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
Barak ArielInstitute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-2546
María José Arosemena BurbanoInstitute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Roberta AstolfiDepartamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Dirk BaierInstitute of Delinquency and Crime Prevention, Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (ZHAW) School of Social Work, Zürich, Switzerland.
Hyung-Min BarkKorean Institute of Criminology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7848-4314
Joris E H BeijersNetherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Marcelo BergmanCentro de Estudios Latinoamericano sobre Inseguridad y Violencia (CELIV), Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Gregory BreetzkeDepartment of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0324-2254
I Alberto Concha-EastmanSecretariat of Health, Cali, Colombia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7256-6164
Sophie Curtis-HamEvidence Based Policing Centre, New Zealand Police, Wellington, New Zealand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8093-4804
Ryan DavenportJill Dando Institute of Security & Crime Science, University College London, London, UK.
Carlos DíazDepartment of Social Sciences, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Diego FleitasCentro de Estudios Latinoamericano sobre Inseguridad y Violencia (CELIV), Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero, Buenos Aires, Argentina.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8305-2057
Manne GerellDepartment of Criminology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2145-113X
Kwang-Ho JangSmart Policing Intelligence Center, Police Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Juha KääriäinenInstitute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Tapio Lappi-SeppäläInstitute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1377-661X
Woon-Sik LimSmart Policing Intelligence Center, Police Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Rosa Loureiro RevillaInstitute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Lorraine MazerolleSchool of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3691-8644
Gorazd MeškoFaculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
Noemí PeredaDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5329-9323
Maria F T PeresDepartamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7049-905X
Rubén Poblete-CazenaveErasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-1651
Simon RoseInstitute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Robert SvenssonDepartment of Criminology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-2780
Nico TrajtenbergSchool of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Tanja van der LippeDepartment of Sociology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Joran VeldkampDepartment of Sociology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Carlos J Vilalta PerdomoCenter for Research in Geospatial Information Sciences (CentroGeo), Mexico City, Mexico.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6030-7018
Manuel P EisnerInstitute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5436-9282

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The stay-at-home restrictions to control the spread of COVID-19 led to unparalleled sudden change in daily life, but it is unclear how they affected urban crime globally. We collected data on daily counts of crime in 27 cities across 23 countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. We conducted interrupted time series analyses to assess the impact of stay-at-home restrictions on different types of crime in each city. Our findings show that the stay-at-home policies were associated with a considerable drop in urban crime, but with substantial variation across cities and types of crime. Meta-regression results showed that more stringent restrictions over movement in public space were predictive of larger declines in crime.

Indexed as

Physical DistancingCOVID-19CrimeEuropeHumansMiddle EastPublic HealthQuarantineUnited States

Identifiers

PMID34079096
PMCPMC8298205

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.