ArticlePediatrics2021
Severity of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Among Very Preterm Infants in the United States.
Article in Pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01825499 (Vermont Oxford Network Very Low Birth Weight Database of Infants <=1500 Grams or <=29 Weeks Gestational Age at Birth), which is not on this map. Cited by 117 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Vermont Oxford Network Very Low Birth Weight Database of Infants <=1500 Grams or <=29 Weeks Gestational Age at Birth
Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surfactant-Budesonide Combination to Prevent Death or Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neonatology · 2026Pooled it
- High-dose docosahexaenoic acid for bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity in very preterm infants: a collaborative individual participant data meta-analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Analysis of variable metabolites in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Inhaled bronchodilators for the prevention and treatment of chronic lung disease in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Association of TNF-α genetic variants with neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia: consolidated results.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Can prenatal conditions impact the effect of omega-3 on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants? A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Trial
- Respiratory Outcomes of Infants Born Extremely Preterm in the Necrotizing Enterocolitis Surgery Trial.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Trial
- [Impact of different angles of pulmonary surfactant administration on bronchopulmonaryplasia and intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants: a prospective randomized controlled study].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2024Trial
- Budesonide and Surfactant Therapy Versus Surfactant Alone on Incidence of Lung Disease in Preterm Infants (BEST Lung): Study Protocol for a Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis With Nested Prospective Meta-Analysis.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Buccal DNA Methylation-Derived EpiScores are Associated with Neonatal Morbidity Burden in Infants born Very Preterm.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Temporal changes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity distribution associated with evolving respiratory practices in very preterm infants.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Mesenchyme-derived inflammation during the saccular stage recruits macrophages and alters lung development.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Prediction of outcomes for premature infants referred to a quaternary NICU for respiratory escalation.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia among preterm infants born before thirty-two weeks of gestation in Palestinian private hospitals.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Perturbation of the preterm human immune system in early life.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Tissue Doppler Imaging, Pulmonary Haemodynamics and Conventional Echocardiographic Indices for Early Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Prediction in Preterm Infants: A Prospective Observational Feasibility Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Echocardiographic Detection of Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure in Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Survey of the BPD Collaborative.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Healthcare burden of bronchopulmonary dysplasia among very preterm infants in China: a cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Flavin adenine dinucleotide increases antioxidant availability and protects neonatal C57Bl6 lungs from high oxygen induced lung injury.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Continuous Medicaid coverage: a policy strategy to improve access to care for high-risk neonates.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Review
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesThe
methodsRetrospective cohort study of infants born from 22 to 29 weeks' gestation in 2018 at 715 US hospitals in the Vermont Oxford Network. Rates of BPD, major neonatal morbidities, and common respiratory therapies, stratified by BPD severity, were determined.
resultsAmong 24 896 infants, 2574 (10.3%) died before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA), 12 198 (49.0%) did not develop BPD, 9192 (36.9%) developed grade 1 or 2 BPD, and 932 (3.7%) developed grade 3 BPD. Rates of mortality before 36 weeks' PMA and grade 3 BPD decreased from 52.7% and 9.9%, respectively, among infants born at 22 weeks' gestation to 17.3% and 0.8% among infants born at 29 weeks' gestation. Grade 1 or 2 BPD peaked in incidence (51.8%) among infants born at 25 weeks' gestation. The frequency of severe intraventricular hemorrhage or cystic periventricular leukomalacia increased from 4.8% among survivors without BPD to 23.4% among survivors with grade 3 BPD. Similar ranges were observed for late onset sepsis (4.8%-31.4%), surgically treated necrotizing enterocolitis (1.4%-17.1%), severe retinopathy of prematurity (1.2%-23.0%), and home oxygen therapy (2.0%-67.5%).
conclusionsMore than one-half of very preterm infants born in the United States died before 36 weeks' PMA or developed BPD. Greater BPD severity was associated with more frequent development of major neonatal morbidities, in-hospital mortality, and use of supplemental respiratory support at discharge.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.