Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34078467›Full record

ArticleActa neuropathologica communications2021

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases the brain's drainage efficiency in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Yangyang Lin, Jian Jin, Rongke Lv, Yuan Luo, Weiping Dai, Wenchang Li, Yamei Tang, Yuling Wang, Xiaojing Ye, Wei-Jye Lin

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Acta neuropathologica communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
77citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

77 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Systematic review and meta-analysis of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for activities of daily living in Alzheimer's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
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  20. Reconstructing cerebral lymphatic clearance: an emerging target in the Alzheimer's disease therapeutic pipeline.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Review

17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Yangyang Lin *Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Jian Jin *Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Rongke LvDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Yuan LuoGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Weiping DaiGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Wenchang LiDepartment of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Yamei TangGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Yuling WangDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. wangyul@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
Xiaojing YeGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. yexiaoj8@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
Wei-Jye LinGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. linwj26@mail.sysu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-6057-7325
Sun Yat-sen University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with high prevalence rate among the elderly population. A large number of clinical studies have suggested repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a promising non-invasive treatment for patients with mild to moderate AD. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely uninvestigated. In the current study, we examined the effect of high frequency rTMS treatment on the cognitive functions and pathological changes in the brains of 4- to 5-month old 5xFAD mice, an early pathological stage with pronounced amyloidopathy and cognitive deficit. Our results showed that rTMS treatment effectively prevented the decline of long-term memories of the 5xFAD mice for novel objects and locations. Importantly, rTMS treatment significantly increased the drainage efficiency of brain clearance pathways, including the glymphatic system in brain parenchyma and the meningeal lymphatics, in the 5xFAD mouse model. Significant reduction of Aβ deposits, suppression of microglia and astrocyte activation, and prevention of decline of neuronal activity as indicated by the elevated c-FOS expression, were observed in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of the rTMS-treated 5xFAD mice. Collectively, these findings provide a novel mechanistic insight of rTMS in regulating brain drainage system and β-amyloid clearance in the 5xFAD mouse model, and suggest the potential use of the clearance rate of contrast tracer in cerebrospinal fluid as a prognostic biomarker for the effectiveness of rTMS treatment in AD patients.

Indexed as

Disease Models, AnimalAlzheimer DiseaseAnimalsBrainFemaleGlymphatic SystemMaleMaze LearningMiceMice, TransgenicTranscranial Magnetic StimulationAlzheimer’s diseaseGlymphatic systemMeningeal lymphaticsRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Identifiers

PMID34078467
PMCPMC8170932
OpenAlexW3165006605

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.