Observational studyImmunity, inflammation and disease2021
Long-coronavirus disease among people living with HIV in western India: An observational study.
Observational study in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Long COVID among people with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.HIV medicine · 2025Pooled it
- HIV Infection and Long COVID: A RECOVER Program, Electronic Health Record-Based Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Prevalence of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV: a systematic review with meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Long-term symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of people living with HIV.Infection · 2024Observational
- The Interplay of HIV and Long COVID in Sub-Saharan Africa: Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction.Current cardiology reports · 2024Review
- Prevalence and risk factors for post-COVID conditions of COVID-19 among persons with HIV in Washington, DC.AIDS care · 2024Article
- Update on Central Nervous System Effects of the Intersection of HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Review
- The Impact of COVID-19 on People Living with HIV-1 and HIV-1-Associated Neurological Complications.Viruses · 2023Review
- HIV and inflammatory markers are associated with persistent COVID-19 symptoms.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Article
- Review
- Long COVID: a review and proposed visualization of the complexity of long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infection: From Population Study Evidence to In Vitro Studies.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- COVID-19 Outcomes and Risk Factors Among People Living with HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- Postacute sequelae and adaptive immune responses in people with HIV recovering from SARS-COV-2 infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2022Article
- Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome for Anesthesiologists: A Narrative Review and a Pragmatic Approach to Clinical Care.Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia · 2022Review
- COVID-19 in the Immunocompromised Host, Including People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2022Review
- Response to "Methodological issues in the designing and reporting of frequentist and Bayesian meta-analysis to assess COVID-19 outcomes among PLHIV with various comorbidities" by Ram Bajpai, Vivek Verma and Gyan Prakash Singh.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among people living with HIV in the Middle East and North Africa region.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 immunity and vaccine strategies in people with HIV.Oxford open immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLong-COVID is emerging as a significant problem among individuals who recovered from COVID-19. Scant information is available on the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors for long-COVID among people living with HIV (PLHIV).
settingA tertiary level, private, HIV clinic in western India.
methodsA prospective, observational study was conducted to assess the prevalence of long-COVID among PLHIV. Long-COVID was defined as the presence of at least one symptom after 30 days of illness onset. A questionnaire for assessing general, cardiorespiratory, neuro-psychiatric, and gastro-intestinal symptoms was used to screen individuals with history of confirmed COVID-19. Data on demographics, HIV-related variables, comorbidities, and severity of COVID-19 were abstracted from electronic medical records. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify risk factors for long-COVID.
resultsNinety-four PLHIV were screened for long-COVID. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 51 (47-56) years and 73.4% were males. The majority (76.6%) had a history of asymptomatic-mild COVID-19 illness. The prevalence of long-COVID was 43.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33.4-54.2). Moderate-severe COVID-19 illness was significantly associated with long-COVID (adjusted odds ratio, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.4-17.9; p = .016). Among individuals with long-COVID, cough (22.3%) and fatigue (19.1%) were the commonest symptoms. The median (IQR) duration for resolution of symptoms was 15 (7-30) days. Ten individuals (10.6%) had persistent symptoms at a median of 109 days since the onset of COVID-19.
conclusionLong-COVID is common among PLHIV with moderate-severe acute COVID-19 illness. There is a need for integration of long-COVID diagnosis and care services within antiretroviral therapy clinics for PLHIV with COVID-19.
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