Programming of intestinal homeostasis in male rat offspring after maternal exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or to a high fat diet.

Alteration of programming of the intestinal wall maturation may be responsible for non-communicable chronic diseases in adulthood. It may originate from prenatal exposure of mothers to deleterious environmental factors such as pesticides or western diet. This work was undertaken to determine whether disturbances of the digestive tract function and of innate immunity of offspring at adulthood could be due to maternal exposure to a pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and a High Fat Diet (HFD) starting 4 months before gestation and lasting until weaning of offspring. Fifty-one male Wistar rats coming from 4 groups of dams exposed to CPF, HFD, both and control were followed from birth to 8 weeks of age. They were fed standard chow and received no treatment. The maternal pesticide exposure slows down fetal and postnatal weight gain without histological injuries of the gut mucosa. CPF or HFD both induced modifications of tight junctions and mucins genes expressions without inducing an increase in epithelial permeability or an inflammatory state. Co-exposure to both CPF and HFD did not exacerbate the effects observed with each factor separately. Despite the lack of direct contact except through breast milk until weaning, CPF or HFD maternal exposure have demonstrated preliminary gut barrier impacts on offspring.