ArticleCancers2021
Effects of Cancer, Chemotherapy, and Cytokines on Subjective and Objective Cognitive Functioning Among Patients with Breast Cancer.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal evaluation of hippocampal subfields volumes and episodic memory in breast cancer patients and healthy controls.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Review
- Age-related and postmenopausal breast cancer progression and treatment management: The significance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Article
- Psychological distress is involved in CRCI in breast cancer survivors via mediating cytokine levels.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- The high burden of symptoms associated with cognitive impairment in lung cancer patients: A latent class analysis.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2023Article
- Association of markers of inflammation on attention and neurobehavioral outcomes in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to investigate the associations of breast cancer (BC) and cancer-related chemotherapies with cytokine levels, and cognitive function.
methodsWe evaluated subjective and objective cognitive function in BC patients before chemotherapy and 3~9 months after the completion of chemotherapy. Healthy volunteers without cancer were also compared as control group. Interleukins (IL) 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12p70, 13, 17A, 1β, IFNγ, and TNFα were measured. Associations of cancer status, chemotherapy and cytokine levels with subjective and objective cognitive impairments were analyzed using a regression model, adjusting for covariates, including IQ and psychological distress.
resultsAfter adjustment, poorer performance in semantic verbal fluency was found in the post-chemotherapy subgroup compared to controls (
conclusionsOur findings suggest that verbal fluency might be affected by cancer status, although mediated by anxiety. Different cytokines and their interactions may have different roles of neuroinflammation or neuroprotection that need further research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.