ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021
The Concurrent Validity, Test-Retest Reliability and Usability of a New Foot Temperature Monitoring System for Persons with Diabetes at High Risk of Foot Ulceration.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of temperature-guided preventive care in reducing diabetic foot ulcer incidence and prolonging ulcer-free survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Adherence and the Diabetic Foot: High Tech Meets High Touch?Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
At-home foot temperature monitoring may be useful in the early recognition of imminent foot ulcers that occur through biomechanical loading in people with diabetes. We assessed the concurrent validity, test-retest reliability, and usability of a new plantar foot temperature monitoring device in 50 people with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. We compared plantar foot temperature measurements with a platform system that consists of embedded temperature sensors with those from a handheld infrared thermometer that was used as a reference. Repeated platform assessments were compared for test-retest reliability. Usability was assessed in 15 participants who used both devices daily for two weeks at home, after which they completed a questionnaire. Agreement between devices was excellent for the metatarsal heads and heel (ICCs ≥ 0.98, LOA: -0.89 °C; 1.16 °C) and hallux and lateral midfoot (0.93 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.96, LOA: -2.87 °C; 2.2 °C), good for digits 2-5 (0.75 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.88, LOA: -5.04 °C; 2.76 °C), and poor for the medial midfoot (ICC = 0.19, LOA: -8.21 °C; -0.05 °C). Test-retest reliability was high (ICC = 0.99, LOA: -0.59 °C; 1.35 °C). Participants scored between 3.8 and 4.3 on a 5-point Likert scale for willingness to measure, ease of use, measurement comfort, and duration. In conclusion, the platform shows good concurrent validity in foot regions where most ulcers occur, good test-retest reliability, and good usability for measuring plantar foot temperature. Further research should assess the clinical validity of the platform to help prevent plantar diabetic foot ulcers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.