ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2021
Porcine Milk-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Intestinal Immunoglobulin Production through pIgR.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Milk-derived extracellular vesicles: nutritional significance, nano-delivery potential, and emerging therapeutic applications - an updated review.Food science of animal resources · 2026Review
- Milk-Derived EVs from Different Animal Sources: An Overview on Their Detection, Isolation and Pleiotropic Exerted Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cryptosporidium spp. infection drives distinct alterations in the faecal extracellular vesicles metaproteome of calves.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Tuft-cell-derived IL-25 regulates intestinal ILC2 in response toFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Circ-0000197 derived from porcine milk small extracellular vesicles promotes intestinal barrier function by sponging miR-429.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Milk-derived extracellular vesicles and gut health.NPJ science of food · 2025Review
- Milk-derived extracellular vesicles: nature's nanocarriers for drug delivery and therapeutics.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Milk-derived exosomes in the regulation of nutritional and immune functions.Food science & nutrition · 2024Review
- Maternal resveratrol improves the intestinal health and weight gain of suckling piglets during high summer temperatures: The involvement of exosome-derived microRNAs and immunoglobin in colostrum.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2024Article
- Potential therapeutic effects of milk-derived exosomes on intestinal diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- Porcine milk exosomes modulate the immune functions of CD14Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Novel Technologies for Exosome and Exosome-like Nanovesicle Procurement and Enhancement.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- The potential role and mechanism of circRNA/miRNA axis in cholesterol synthesis.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Review
- Exploring Purification Methods of Exosomes from Different Biological Samples.BioMed research international · 2023Article
- Developmental Changes of Immunity and Different Responses to Weaning Stress of Chinese Indigenous Piglets and Duroc Piglets during Suckling and Weaning Periods.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Extracellular Vesicles from Animal Milk: Great Potentialities and Critical Issues.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Effects of lactic acid bacteria-fermented formula milk supplementation on ileal microbiota, transcriptomic profile, and mucosal immunity in weaned piglets.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Effect of Porcine Colostral Exosomes on T Cells in the Peripheral Blood of Suckling Piglets.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Long non-coding RNAs in Sus scrofa ileum under starvation stress.Animal bioscience · 2022Article
- miRNA-Based Potential Biomarkers and New Molecular Insights in Ulcerative Colitis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) plays an important role in gut acquired immunity and mucosal homeostasis. Breast milk is the irreplaceable nutritional source for mammals after birth. Current studies have shown the potential functional role of milk-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and their RNAs cargo in intestinal health and immune regulation. However, there is a lack of studies to demonstrate how milk-derived sEVs affect intestinal immunity in recipient. In this study, through in vivo experiments, we found that porcine milk small extracellular vesicles (PM-sEVs) promoted intestinal SIgA levels, and increased the expression levels of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) both in mice and piglet. We examined the mechanism of how PM-sEVs increased the expression level of pIgR in vitro by using a porcine small intestine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). Through bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assays, and overexpression or knockdown of the corresponding non-coding RNAs, we identified circ-XPO4 in PM-sEVs as a crucial circRNA, which leads to the expression of pIgR via the suppression of miR-221-5p in intestinal cells. Importantly, we also observed that oral administration of PM-sEVs increased the level of circ-XPO4 and decreased the level of miR-221-5p in small intestine of piglets, indicating that circRNAs in milk-derived sEVs act as sponge for miRNAs in recipients. This study, for the first time, reveals that PM-sEVs have a capacity to stimulate intestinal SIgA production by delivering circRNAs to receptors and sponging the recipient's original miRNAs, and also provides valuable data for insight into the role and mechanism of animal milk sEVs in intestinal immunity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.