ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Significance of Heme and Heme Degradation in the Pathogenesis of Acute Lung and Inflammatory Disorders.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19-Associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS): Mechanistic insights on therapeutic intervention and emerging trends.International immunopharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Glutathione redox system as a therapeutic target for Plasmodium: Opportunities, Challenges, and future perspectives.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Microbiota-Driven Metabolic Alterations Induced by BPA, TDCPP and PFOA in an Ex Vivo Human Fecal Fermentation Model.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Redox signaling in chronic airway diseases: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- The mechanisms by which free heme exacerbates sepsis and the potential therapeutic targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunopathogenesis of Sickle Cell Disease: Mechanisms of Immune Dysregulation and Clinical Consequences, a Narrative Review.Journal of blood medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Heme oxygenase-1 and malaria pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Biosensors for Detection of Labile Heme in Biological Samples.Biosensors · 2025Review
- Bilirubin Hepatic and Intestinal Transport and Catabolism: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Benefits.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Digital Microfluidics-Driven Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Platform Reveals Expression and Stability Determinants for Phytoglobins and Cysteine-to-Alanine Substituted Variants.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Transcriptome analysis of five-toed jerboa organs reveals high-altitude adaptation mechanisms.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Enhancement of Hypoxia Tolerance of Gibel Carp (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exhaled carbon monoxide: variations due to collection method and physiology.Journal of breath research · 2025Article
- Targeting HMGB1 in endothelial cells reverses heme-induced SIRS after radiofrequency ablation of hepatic hemangioma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Metabolic Regulation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Implications for Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Review
- Major heme proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin with respect to their roles in oxidative stress - a brief review.Frontiers in chemistry · 2025Review
- Identification of sepsis biomarkers through glutamine metabolism-mediated immune regulation: a comprehensive analysis employing mendelian randomization, multi-omics integration, and machine learning.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The heme molecule serves as an essential prosthetic group for oxygen transport and storage proteins, as well for cellular metabolic enzyme activities, including those involved in mitochondrial respiration, xenobiotic metabolism, and antioxidant responses. Dysfunction in both heme synthesis and degradation pathways can promote human disease. Heme is a pro-oxidant via iron catalysis that can induce cytotoxicity and injury to the vascular endothelium. Additionally, heme can modulate inflammatory and immune system functions. Thus, the synthesis, utilization and turnover of heme are by necessity tightly regulated. The microsomal heme oxygenase (HO) system degrades heme to carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin-IXα, that latter which is converted to bilirubin-IXα by biliverdin reductase. Heme degradation by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is linked to cytoprotection via heme removal, as well as by activity-dependent end-product generation (i.e., bile pigments and CO), and other potential mechanisms. Therapeutic strategies targeting the heme/HO-1 pathway, including therapeutic modulation of heme levels, elevation (or inhibition) of HO-1 protein and activity, and application of CO donor compounds or gas show potential in inflammatory conditions including sepsis and pulmonary diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.