SynthesisNutrients2021
The Breast Milk Immunoglobulinome.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review to Reassess the Formula for Early Life Growth.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Humoral pregnancy analyses reveal strategies for fetal protection and aberrancy in miscarriage.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Low serum immunoglobulin levels in pediatric atopic dermatitis: association with disease severity and exploratory scores.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Protecting Newborns from Multidrug-Resistant Infections: The Emerging Role of Bacteriophages.Viruses · 2026Review
- From dairy by-product to cell feed: milk whey for serum-free media and scaffold development in cell-based food production.NPJ science of food · 2026Review
- Article
- Neutrophils blend innate and adaptive immunity in early breast milk.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Bioactive-Supplemented Infant Formulas and Early Gut-Immune-Endocrine Development: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Breast milk antibody Fc signatures track with HIV transmission during breastfeeding in ART-naïve mothers.iScience · 2026Article
- An investigation into the status of human milk feeding in very low birth weight infants: a multicenter study.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Observational
- Maternal separation during breastfeeding as a risk factor for developing giardiasis: evaluation in a rodent model.Gut pathogens · 2026Article
- The Acari Hypothesis, VIII: the human apocrine-mammary-microbiota axis andFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Gut microbial IgA coating in infants with traditional farming lifestyle and urban infants with allergic outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Coordination Between Treg Cells and Bifidobacterium in the Immune-Bacterial Network of Human Colostrum.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Adiposity-dependent adipokine-immunoglobulin interplay in mature breast milk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Breastfeeding and infant gut microbiota: influence of bioactive components.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Parity Influences the Immune Profile of Human Milk via Increased T Lymphocyte Content.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Quantification and comparison of anti-AAV9 and anti-AAVrh74 antibodies in plasma and human milk: Implications for AAV-based gene therapy candidacy.Journal of neuromuscular diseases · 2025Article
- Unravelling the effect of parity on immunoglobulins, cytokines and adipokines in human transitional milk and their association with infant infections during the first 6 months of life.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Impact of colostrum oropharyngeal immunotherapy on postnatal growth in preterm infants based on early gut microbiota-host interaction patterns: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Breast milk components contribute to the infant's immune development and protection, and among other immune factors, immunoglobulins (Igs) are the most studied. The presence of IgA in milk has been known for a long time; however, less information is available about the presence of other Igs such as IgM, IgG, and their subtypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) or even IgE or IgD. The total Ig concentration and profile will change during the course of lactation; however, there is a great variability among studies due to several variables that limit establishing a clear pattern. In this context, the aim of this review was firstly to shed light on the Ig concentration in breast milk based on scientific evidence and secondly to study the main factors contributing to such variability. A search strategy provided only 75 studies with the prespecified eligibility criteria. The concentrations and proportions found have been established based on the intrinsic factors of the study-such as the sampling time and quantification technique-as well as participant-dependent factors, such as lifestyle and environment. All these factors contribute to the variability of the immunoglobulinome described in the literature and should be carefully addressed for further well-designed studies and data interpretation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.