ReviewBiomedicines2021
Perspectives of Microscopy Methods for Morphology Characterisation of Extracellular Vesicles from Human Biofluids.
Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond spherical vesicles: morphological diversity of extracellular vesicles in health and disease.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Unveiling the Structural and Mechanical Diversity of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Using Atomic Force Microscopy.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Amino Acids to Trophoblast Cells Reveals Proteomic Signatures of Cellular Utilisation.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Engineering Yeast Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis Through Rewiring Membrane Trafficking Pathways.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- Milk-Derived EVs from Different Animal Sources: An Overview on Their Detection, Isolation and Pleiotropic Exerted Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Machine learning for extracellular vesicles enables diagnostic and therapeutic nanobiotechnology.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- An Optimized Positive Staining Protocol Method for Clear Visualization of Extracellular Vesicles by TEM Using Uranyless and Lead Citrate.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2026Article
- Automated morphological classification and quantification of cerebrospinal fluid extracellular vesiclesNanoscale advances · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles released by glioblastoma cancer cells drive tumor invasiveness via Connexin-43 gap junctions.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Amniotic Fluid Extracellular Vesicle Properties Evolve With Gestational Age and Reflect Fetal Development.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
- STING Agonist Drug Delivery by Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles Induces Synergistic Immuno-Oncology Responses and Efficient Inhibition of Tumour Growth.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Review
- Stability Dynamics of Plant-Based Extracellular Vesicles Drug Delivery.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Oral Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Utility of Extracellular Vesicles in Ocular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Current trends in theranostic applications of extracellular vesicles in cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Examination of the enrichment of neuronal extracellular vesicles from cell conditioned media and human plasma using an anti-NCAM immunocapture bead approach.BMC methods · 2025Article
- Exosome-Based Therapeutics in Dermatology.Biomaterials research · 2025Review
- Nanotechnology-driven platforms for extracellular vesicle analysis in tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Small extracellular vesicle-associated surface protein biomarkers: emerging roles, opportunities, and challenges in diagnostics.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometric membranous structures secreted from almost every cell and present in biofluids. Because EV composition reflects the state of its parental tissue, EVs possess an enormous diagnostic/prognostic potential to reveal pathophysiological conditions. However, a prerequisite for such usage of EVs is their detailed characterisation, including visualisation which is mainly achieved by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electron microscopy (EM). Here we summarise the EV preparation protocols for AFM and EM bringing out the main challenges in the imaging of EVs, both in their natural environment as biofluid constituents and in a saline solution after EV isolation. In addition, we discuss approaches for EV imaging and identify the potential benefits and disadvantages when different AFM and EM methods are applied, including numerous factors that influence the morphological characterisation, standardisation, or formation of artefacts. We also demonstrate the effects of some of these factors by using cerebrospinal fluid as an example of human biofluid with a simpler composition. Here presented comparison of approaches to EV imaging should help to estimate the current state in morphology research of EVs from human biofluids and to identify the most efficient pathways towards the standardisation of sample preparation and microscopy modes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.