ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines: Potential Links between the Endocannabinoid System and the Kynurenine Pathway in Depression.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroprotective effects of dapansutrile in rotenone-induced parkinsonism: targeting NLRP3/caspase-1, NF-κB, Nrf2/HO-1, and PINK1/Parkin pathways.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Immunological aspects and quality of life among patients with lichen sclerosus.Skin health and disease · 2026Review
- The potential role of kynurenine pathway and inflammation in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without major depressive disorder comorbidity.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Genetic evidence on chemical communication between gut microbiota and neurological and psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol (CBD) modulates the serotonin-kynurenine metabolic balance in the brain of morphine-tolerant neuropathic rats.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Article
- Insomnia: the gut microbiome connection, prospects for probiotic and postbiotic therapies, and future directions.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- The role of the kynurenine pathway in conditioned place aversion induced by synthetic cannabinoid CP-55940.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2026Article
- Physical Activity, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Kynurenine Pathway in Endometriosis and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Glucocorticoid Treatment Dampens Kynurenine Pathway Activation and Cytokine Release in Immune Stimulated Human Microglia.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2026Article
- The kynurenine pathway: an immunometabolic bridge linking systemic inflammation to neuroaxonal vulnerability in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Interaction of Hypoxia and Kynurenine Pathway in Periodontal Inflammation.International journal of tryptophan research : IJTR · 2026Article
- Modulating depression through the gut-brain axis: the role of gut microbiota in therapeutic interventions.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Antidepressant and Related Neurobiological and Neurophysiological Effects of Add-On Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Major Depressive Disorder with Residual Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial Protocol.Methods and protocols · 2025Article
- Antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of Chaihu Guizhi decoction in an acute depression-like mouse model infected with influenza A virus.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Considering the Effects of Cannabinoids and Exercise on the Brain: A Narrative Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Modulating Multiple Molecular Trajectories by Nutraceuticals and/or Physical Activity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-Like Behaviors in Rat Pups.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- What is the relationship between exposure to environmental pollutants and severe mental disorders? A systematic review on shared biological pathways.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
- Mushrooms, Microdosing, and Mental Illness: The Effect of Psilocybin on Neurotransmitters, Neuroinflammation, and Neuroplasticity.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Review
- Biomarkers of cognitive and memory decline in psychotropic drug users.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- Pathogenesis of HIV-associated depression: contributing factors and underlying mechanisms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Substance use/abuse is one of the main causes of depressive symptoms. Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids in particular gained significant popularity in the past years. There is an increasing amount of clinical data associating such compounds with the inflammatory component of depression, indicated by the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are also well-known to regulate the enzymes of the kynurenine pathway (KP), which is responsible for metabolizing tryptophan, a precursor in serotonin synthesis. Enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels may over-activate the KP, leading to tryptophan depletion and reduced serotonin levels, which can subsequently precipitate depressive symptoms. Therefore, such mechanism might represent a possible link between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and the KP in depression, via the inflammatory and dysregulated serotonergic component of the disorder. This review will summarize the data regarding those natural and synthetic cannabinoids that increase pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the data on such cytokines associated with KP activation will be further reviewed accordingly. The interaction of the ECS and the KP has been postulated and demonstrated in some studies previously. This review will further contribute to this yet less explored connection and propose the KP to be the missing link between cannabinoid-induced inflammation and depressive symptoms.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.