Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34072709›Full record

ArticlePlants (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Potential Toxicity of Medicinal Plants Inventoried in Northeastern Morocco: An Ethnobotanical Approach.

Loubna Kharchoufa, Mohamed Bouhrim, Noureddine Bencheikh, Mohamed Addi, Christophe Hano, Hamza Mechchate, Mostafa Elachouri

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Phytochemical Composition ofAdvances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2025
    Review
  5. Frontiers in chemistry · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Valorization of MoroccanTheScientificWorldJournal · 2022
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Roots ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Loubna KharchoufaLaboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, URAC-40, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60040, Morocco.
Mohamed BouhrimLaboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, URAC-40, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60040, Morocco.
Noureddine BencheikhLaboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, URAC-40, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60040, Morocco.ORCID 0000-0002-4581-2470
Mohamed AddiLaboratoire d'Amélioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologie et Environnement, (LAPABE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco.ORCID 0000-0002-3973-6694
Christophe HanoLaboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, Campus Eure et Loir, Orleans University, 45067 Orleans, France.ORCID 0000-0001-9938-0151
Hamza MechchateLaboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood and Health, Faculté des Sciences Dhar el Mahraz, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30050, Morocco.ORCID 0000-0003-4571-9089
Mostafa ElachouriLaboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, URAC-40, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60040, Morocco.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Herbal medicine and its therapeutic applications are widely practiced in northeastern Morocco, and people are knowledgeable about it. Nonetheless, there is a significant knowledge gap regarding their safety. In this study, we reveal the toxic and potential toxic species used as medicines by people in northeastern Morocco in order to compile and document indigenous knowledge of those herbs. Structured and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and simple random sampling was used as a sampling technique. Based on this information, species were collected, identified, and herbarium sheets were created. The collected data were analyzed using two quantitative indices: informant consensus factor (ICF) and fidelity level (Fl), as the degree of these indices give an insight into the level of toxicity of a given plant. The results revealed the knowledge of 55 species belonging to 36 families. The most represented families were Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, and Fabaceae. Furthermore, the majority of the species cited were herbs (67%), and the most common toxic parts were seeds, followed by leaves and roots. According to the informant consensus factor, death (0.81%) had the highest agreement, followed by the urological (0.76%) and skin (0.75%) categories. The most significant plants in terms of fidelity level were

Indexed as

Africaethnobotanytoxicitytoxic plantstraditional medicine

Identifiers

PMID34072709
PMCPMC8226742

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.