Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34072344›Full record

ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2021

The Grayness of the Origin of Life.

Hillary H Smith, Andrew S Hyde, Danielle N Simkus, Eric Libby, Sarah E Maurer, Heather V Graham, Christopher P Kempes, Barbara Sherwood Lollar, Luoth Chou, Andrew D Ellington and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Origins of life: the possible and the actual.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  2. Bifurcations and phase transitions in the origins of life.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Is Life Binary or Gradual?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Hillary H SmithDepartment of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Andrew S HydeDepartment of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Danielle N SimkusNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8272-623X
Eric LibbySanta Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6569-5793
Sarah E MaurerDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT 06050, USA.
Heather V GrahamNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
Christopher P KempesSanta Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA.
Barbara Sherwood LollarDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-9758-7095
Luoth ChouNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
Andrew D EllingtonDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
G Matthew FrickeDepartment of Computer Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4466-8649
Peter R GirguisDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Natalie M GrefenstetteSanta Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6114-3553
Chad I PozaryckiNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5262-9156
Christopher H HouseDepartment of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4926-4985
Sarah Stewart JohnsonDepartment of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.

Funding

NASA Astrobiology NFOLD #80NSSC18K1140National Science Foundation #EF-1724099
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the search for life beyond Earth, distinguishing the living from the non-living is paramount. However, this distinction is often elusive, as the origin of life is likely a stepwise evolutionary process, not a singular event. Regardless of the favored origin of life model, an inherent "grayness" blurs the theorized threshold defining life. Here, we explore the ambiguities between the biotic and the abiotic at the origin of life. The role of grayness extends into later transitions as well. By recognizing the limitations posed by grayness, life detection researchers will be better able to develop methods sensitive to prebiotic chemical systems and life with alternative biochemistries.

Indexed as

agnostic biosignaturesevolutionary transitionslipidsmetalloenzymesmeteoritic organicsorigin of lifeprebiotic evolutionpre-RNAsthioesters

Identifiers

PMID34072344
PMCPMC8226951

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.