ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Hijacked Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment: Molecular Mechanisms of Immunosuppression and Cues to Improve T Cell-Based Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Preclinical proof of concept for a personalized SNAP™-TIL (Specific Neo-Antigen Peptides-TIL) therapy platform.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Boosting T cell antioxidant capacity: A strategic approach to overcome immunosuppression in solid tumors.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of neutrophil extracellular traps in hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment and targeted therapy progress.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Metabolic profiling and systems biology analysis of Flammulina filiformis Fv19 extract: an integrated computational and experimental approach for dual anti-cancer and immunomodulatory therapy.BMC biotechnology · 2026Article
- The impact of PD-1 mutations on pembrolizumab binding: insights from molecular dynamics and MM-GBSA analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Subcellular transcriptome sequencing with single cell APEX-seq identifies regulators of cell-cell interactions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Extracellular Redox Balance as a Determinant of Immune Regulation and Tissue Inflammation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Harnessing Vaccines in the Treatment of Solid Tumors: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Targeting the Neuro-Immune Axis in Next-Generation Oncology: Discovery and Validation of βOncology research · 2026Review
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Overcoming barriers in primary bone cancer: Nanomaterial-enabled immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Dual role of CXCL10 in cancer progression: implications for immunotherapy and targeted treatment.Cancer biology & therapy · 2025Review
- The role of regulatory T cells in infant HIV pathogenesis: therapeutic strategies.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Cathepsin S regulates antitumor immunity through autophagic degradation of PD-L1 in colorectal cancer cells.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Disparate Roles of Cell-Cell Contact and Cytokine Secretion in an In Vitro Model of the Seminoma Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Variation in Immune and Inflammatory Blood Markers in Advanced Melanoma Patients Treated with PD-1 Inhibitors: A Preliminary Exploratory Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Harnessing nucleotide metabolism and immunity in cancer: a tumour microenvironment perspective.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Under Radiation Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been expanding in recent years in the context of interactions among different cell types, through direct cell-cell communication as well as through soluble factors. It has become evident that the development of a successful antitumor response depends on several TME factors. In this context, the number, type, and subsets of immune cells, as well as the functionality, memory, and exhaustion state of leukocytes are key factors of the TME. Both the presence and functionality of immune cells, in particular T cells, are regulated by cellular and soluble factors of the TME. In this regard, one fundamental reason for failure of antitumor responses is hijacked immune cells, which contribute to the immunosuppressive TME in multiple ways. Specifically, reactive oxygen species (ROS), metabolites, and anti-inflammatory cytokines have central roles in generating an immunosuppressive TME. In this review, we focused on recent developments in the immune cell constituents of the TME, and the micromilieu control of antitumor responses. Furthermore, we highlighted the current challenges of T cell-based immunotherapies and potential future strategies to consider for strengthening their effectiveness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.