Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34071731›Full record

ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Amino Acids as the Potential Co-Former for Co-Crystal Development: A Review.

Ilma Nugrahani, Maria Anabella Jessica

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. From triggers to interfaces: polymer-stabilized nano-co-crystals for robust mesalazine delivery in UC.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026
    Review
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  15. Non-Covalent Reactions Supporting Antiviral Development.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ilma NugrahaniPharmacochemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0001-5069-0343
Maria Anabella JessicaPharmacochemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
Bandung Institute of Technology · ID

Funding

Kementerian Riset Teknologi Dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia 11/E1/KPT/2021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Co-crystals are one of the most popular ways to modify the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) without changing pharmacological activity through non-covalent interactions with one or more co-formers. A "green method" has recently prompted many researchers to develop solvent-free techniques or minimize solvents for arranging the eco-friendlier process of co-crystallization. Researchers have also been looking for less-risk co-formers that produce the desired API's physicochemical properties. This review purposed to collect the report studies of amino acids as the safe co-former and explored their advantages. Structurally, amino acids are promising co-former candidates as they have functional groups that can form hydrogen bonds and increase stability through zwitterionic moieties, which support strong interactions. The co-crystals and deep eutectic solvent yielded from this natural compound have been proven to improve pharmaceutical performance. For example, l-glutamine could reduce the side effects of mesalamine through an acid-base stabilizing effect in the gastrointestinal fluid. In addition, some amino acids, especially l-proline, enhances API's solubility and absorption in its natural deep eutectic solvent and co-crystals systems. Moreover, some ionic co-crystals of amino acids have also been designed to increase chiral resolution. Therefore, amino acids are safe potential co-formers, which are suitable for improving the physicochemical properties of API and prospective to be developed further in the dosage formula and solid-state syntheses.

Indexed as

CrystallizationHydrogen BondingAmino AcidsAnimalsChemistry, PharmaceuticalDrug Evaluation, PreclinicalHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationMesalaminePharmaceutical PreparationsProlineSolubilitySolventsTemperatureAmino AcidsMesalaminePharmaceutical PreparationsProlineSolventsamino acidsanionic co-crystalbioavailabilitychiral resolution.co-crystalionic co-crystall-prolinesalt co-crystalsolubilityzwitterionic

Identifiers

PMID34071731
PMCPMC8198002
OpenAlexW3165623088

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.