Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34071550›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021

Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunosuppressive Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review.

Kyoko Oura, Asahiro Morishita, Joji Tani, Tsutomu Masaki

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07064668 (Prospective Study on the Synergistic Effect of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Combined With Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 292 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
292citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
27.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07064668 phase2not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Prospective Study on the Synergistic Effect of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Combined With Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

TypeinterventionalSponsorTongji HospitalRan2025 to 2027Enrolled300ConditionsHepatocellular CarcinomaArmsTUDCA (Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid) Supplementation, Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

292 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 414 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Review
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  17. Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Exercise and CD8Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  20. Article

232 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Kyoko OuraDepartment of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-9531-7240
Asahiro MorishitaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-0760-3045
Joji TaniDepartment of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-8801-2505
Tsutomu MasakiDepartment of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
Kagawa University · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Liver cancer has the fourth highest mortality rate of all cancers worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most prevalent subtype. Despite great advances in systemic therapy, such as molecular-targeted agents, HCC has one of the worst prognoses due to drug resistance and frequent recurrence and metastasis. Recently, new therapeutic strategies such as cancer immunosuppressive therapy have prolonged patients' lives, and the combination of an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and VEGF inhibitor is now positioned as the first-line therapy for advanced HCC. Since the efficacy of ICIs depends on the tumor immune microenvironment, it is necessary to elucidate the immune environment of HCC to select appropriate ICIs. In this review, we summarize the findings on the immune microenvironment and immunosuppressive approaches focused on monoclonal antibodies against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and programmed cell death protein 1 for HCC. We also describe ongoing treatment modalities, including adoptive cell transfer-based therapies and future areas of exploration based on recent literature. The results of pre-clinical studies using immunological classification and animal models will contribute to the development of biomarkers that predict the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy and aid in the selection of appropriate strategies for HCC treatment.

Indexed as

AnimalsCarcinoma, HepatocellularHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapy, AdoptiveLiverLiver NeoplasmsNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalT-LymphocytesTumor MicroenvironmentImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorsadaptive cell transfer-based therapychimeric antigen receptorchronic hepatitiscytokine-induced killerfibrosishepatocellular carcinomaimmune checkpoint inhibitorimmunotherapymolecular target agenttumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID34071550
PMCPMC8198390
OpenAlexW3164582693

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.