ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Forensic Biochemical Markers to Evaluate the Agonal Period: A Literature Review.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cadaver clots: a systematic review of the literature.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Pooled it
- Postmortem pancreatic autolysis as a histological marker of early postmortem interval: a forensic autopsy study in a tropical setting.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026Article
- 8-OHdG and NT-proBNP as complementary biomarkers in the postmortem diagnosis of acute ischemic heart disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Postmortem biochemistry of GFAP, NSE and S100B in cerebrospinal fluid and in vitreous humor for estimation of postmortem interval: a pilot study.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Article
- Forensic Point-of-Care Test to Unveil the Cause of Death in Sudden Cardiac Deaths: A Case Series.Cureus · 2025Article
- Biochemical analysis of catecholamine and cortisol for the evaluation of the fetal distress in third trimester stillbirths.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Post Mortem Molecular Biomarkers of Asphyxia: A Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Complexity of human death: its physiological, transcriptomic, and microbiological implications.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- The Impact of Redox, Hydrolysis and Dehydration Chemistry on the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Magnetoferritin Prepared in Variable Thermal Conditions.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Currently, forensic research is multidisciplinary with new methods and parameters useful to define the cause and time of death as well as survival/agony times. The identification of biochemical markers able to estimate agonal period has been studied by many forensic researchers. It is known that the estimation of agonal time in different types of death is not always easy, hence our interest in literature's data. The studies analyzed in this review confirm the important role of thanatobiochemistry for the estimation of survival times. Regardless of the death cause, the survival/agony time between the primary event and death influences markers concentrations in biological samples (e.g., blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid). Different biomarkers can be used for qualitative evaluations in deaths with short and long agony (e.g., C-reactive protein, ferritin, GFAP, etc.). Instead, the quantitative interpretation showed limits due to the lack of reference cut-offs. Thanatobiochemistry is a useful tool to confirm what emerged from autopsies findings (macroscopic and histological analysis), but further studies are desirable to confirm the evidence emerging from our review of the literature.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.