ReviewVaccines2021
Chemical Conjugation Strategies for the Development of Protein-Based Subunit Nanovaccines.
Review in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sensitive detection of unopposed estrogen using estrogen receptor functionalized nanoprobes for cancer diagnosis.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Orthogonal Chemistry Enables Precision Nanoparticle Cofunctionalization for Tuning Immune Stimulation and Antigen Presentation.Biomacromolecules · 2026Article
- Engineering complexity into protein-based biomaterials for biomedical applications.Nature reviews. Materials · 2026Article
- The Development of Antibody-Functionalized Liposomes via Click Chemistry for Precision Targeting of PD-L1-Positive Ovarian Cancer.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Peptide-Based Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery: Recent Advances, Strategies, and Therapeutic Frontiers.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Antibody-conjugated polymer nanoparticles for brain cancer.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Rational Development of a Novel Emulgel Adjuvant for Single-Shot Effective Vaccination: A Multivariate Analysis Approach.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Hydrogels in Veterinary Vaccine Development: Types, Mechanisms, and Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Multifunctional Core-Shell Cobalt Oxide @ Carbon Nanodot Hybrid Conjugates for Imaging and Targeting A549 Cells.ACS applied bio materials · 2025Article
- Immunization with recombinant HPV16-E7d in fusion with Flagellin as a cancer vaccine: Effect of antigen-adjuvant orientation on the immune response pattern.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- The immunological and pharmacokinetic evaluation of Lipid-PLGA hybrid nanoparticle-based oxycodone vaccines.Biomaterials · 2025Article
- Surface Functionalization of Nanocarriers with Anti-EGFR Ligands for Cancer Active Targeting.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Development of molecular sensors based on fluorescent proteins for polarized macrophages identification.Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry · 2024Article
- Assessing the conjugation efficiency of surface-modified extracellular vesicles using single nanovesicle analysis technologies.Nanoscale · 2024Article
- Ferritin Vaccine Platform for Animal and Zoonotic Viruses.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Advances in immunotoxin engineering: precision therapeutic strategies in modern oncology.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Endogenous capsid-forming protein ARC for self-assembling nanoparticle vaccines.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Review
- Design of a recombinant asparaginyl ligase for site-specific modification using efficient recognition and nucleophile motifs.Communications chemistry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The production of subunit nanovaccines relies heavily on the development of a vaccine delivery system that is safe and efficient at delivering antigens to the target site. Nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for vaccine delivery over the years, as they often possess self-adjuvanting properties. The conjugation of antigens to nanoparticles by covalent bonds ensures co-delivery of these components to the same subset of immune cells in order to trigger the desired immune responses. Herein, we review covalent conjugation strategies for grafting protein or peptide antigens onto other molecules or nanoparticles to obtain subunit nanovaccines. We also discuss the advantages of chemical conjugation in developing these vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.