ArticleCancers2021
Suppression of Breast Cancer by Small Molecules That Block the Prolactin Receptor.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- The influence of two neurohormones on breast cancer: prolactin and melatonin.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2025Article
- ZNRF2 as an oncogene is transcriptionally regulated by CREB1 in breast cancer models.Human cell · 2023Article
- Breast cancer and neurotransmitters: emerging insights on mechanisms and therapeutic directions.Oncogene · 2023Review
- Bispecific antibodies revolutionizing breast cancer treatment: a comprehensive overview.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Breast Cancer and Prolactin - New Mechanisms and Models.Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Hormone supply to the pituitary gland: A comprehensive investigation of female‑related tumors (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2022Review
- Prolactin receptor signaling: A novel target for cancer treatment - Exploring anti-PRLR signaling strategies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Prolactin: The Third Hormone in Breast Cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Novel insights linking BRCA1-IRIS role in mammary gland development to formation of aggressive PABCs: the case for longer breastfeeding.American journal of cancer research · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a protein hormone which in humans is secreted by pituitary lactotrophs as well as by many normal and malignant non-pituitary sites. Many lines of evidence demonstrate that both circulating and locally produced PRL increase breast cancer (BC) growth and metastases and confer chemoresistance. Our objective was to identify and then characterize small molecules that block the tumorigenic actions of PRL in BC. We employed three cell-based assays in high throughput screening (HTS) of 51,000 small molecules and identified two small molecule inhibitors (SMIs), named SMI-1 and SMI-6. Both compounds bound to the extracellular domain (ECD) of the PRL receptor (PRLR) at 1-3 micromolar affinity and abrogated PRL-induced breast cancer cell (BCC) invasion and malignant lymphocyte proliferation. SMI-6 effectively reduced the viability of multiple BCC types, had much lower activity against various non-malignant cells, displayed high selectivity, and showed no apparent in vitro or in vivo toxicity. In athymic nude mice, SMI-6 rapidly and dramatically suppressed the growth of PRL-expressing BC xenografts. This report represents a pre-clinical phase of developing novel anti-cancer agents with the potential to become effective therapeutics in breast cancer patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.