Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34071381›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutics2021

Development of a Biphasic-Release Multiple-Unit Pellet System with Diclofenac Sodium Using Novel Calcium Phosphate-Based Starter Pellets.

Daniel Zakowiecki, Maja Frankiewicz, Tobias Hess, Krzysztof Cal, Maciej Gajda, Justyna Dabrowska, Bartlomiej Kubiak, Jadwiga Paszkowska, Marcela Wiater, Dagmara Hoc and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Daniel ZakowieckiChemische Fabrik Budenheim KG, Rheinstrasse 27, 55257 Budenheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3935-4263
Maja FrankiewiczDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
Tobias HessChemische Fabrik Budenheim KG, Rheinstrasse 27, 55257 Budenheim, Germany.
Krzysztof CalDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-9994-5626
Maciej GajdaDepartment of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-0816-2402
Justyna DabrowskaAdamed Pharma S.A., Pienkow, ul. Mariana Adamkiewicza 6A, 05-152 Czosnow, Poland.
Bartlomiej KubiakAdamed Pharma S.A., Pienkow, ul. Mariana Adamkiewicza 6A, 05-152 Czosnow, Poland.
Jadwiga PaszkowskaPhysiolution Polska sp. z o.o., Skarbowcow 81/7, 53-025 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1230-8128
Marcela WiaterPhysiolution Polska sp. z o.o., Skarbowcow 81/7, 53-025 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6865-5471
Dagmara HocPhysiolution Polska sp. z o.o., Skarbowcow 81/7, 53-025 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-7681-1243
Grzegorz GarbaczPhysiolution Polska sp. z o.o., Skarbowcow 81/7, 53-025 Wroclaw, Poland.
Dorota Haznar-GarbaczDepartment of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0626-6067

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Novel calcium phosphate-based starter pellets were used to develop a biphasic-release multiple-unit pellet system (MUPS) with diclofenac sodium as a model drug in the form of hard gelatin capsules. For comparative purposes, corresponding formulations based on the inert cores made of microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose and isomalt were prepared. The developed system consisted of two types of drug-layered pellets attaining different release patterns: delayed-release (enteric-coated) and extended-release. Dissolution characteristics were examined using both compendial and biorelevant methods, which reflected fed and fasting conditions. The results were collated with an equivalent commercial product but prepared with the direct pelletization technique.

Indexed as

biphasic drug releasecalcium phosphate-based starter pelletsinert coresMUPS

Identifiers

PMID34071381
PMCPMC8228657

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.