ReviewViruses2021
Animal Models for Influenza Research: Strengths and Weaknesses.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Modeling the Exposome in Murine Cardiovascular Disease.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2026Review
- Development of a nano-emulsion and evaluation of its intradermal adjuvant function of Swine Influenza H3N2 Vaccine.Virology journal · 2026Article
- An immune-competent lung-on-a-chip for modelling the human severe influenza infection response.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Pigs lacking Natural Killer T cells have altered cellular responses to influenza.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Increased contact transmission of contemporary Human H5N1 compared to Bovine and Mountain Lion H5N1 in a hamster model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Generation of an Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Alveolar Type II In Vitro Model to Study Influenza A Virus Infection and Drug Treatments.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Identification and characterization of a novel inhibitor of influenza A virus that acts by blocking nucleoprotein oligomerization.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Host-directed broad-spectrum immunotherapeutic strategy for respiratory infections: Heat-killed Caulobacter crescentus (HKCC) as an innate-immune based biotherapeutic/postbiotic.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis and Research Models of Acute Influenza-Associated Encephalitis/Encephalopathy: An Update.Viruses · 2026Review
- The Airway Microbiome as a Modulator of Influenza Virus Infection: Mechanistic Insights and Translational Perspectives-Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The temporal sequence of influenza H1N1 andFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Pigs lacking Natural Killer T cells have altered cellular responses to influenza.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Construction and Research Progress of Animal Models and Mouse Adapted Strains of Seasonal Influenza Virus.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Deliberating the scientific evidence base for influenza transmission to raw milk consumers.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2025Review
- Modeling Dysplastic and Functional Lung Alveolar Repair after Influenza Infection.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2025Article
- Differential tissue tropism and transmission efficiency of two dominant influenza D clades with overlapping but distinct receptor binding fine specificities in ferrets.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Development of DNA and mRNA-LNP vaccines against an H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b influenza virus.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- A Bioluminescent Imaging Mouse Model for Seasonal Influenza Virus Infection Based on a Pseudovirus System.Viruses · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza remains one of the most significant public health threats due to its ability to cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although understanding of influenza viruses has greatly increased in recent years, shortcomings remain. Additionally, the continuous mutation of influenza viruses through genetic reassortment and selection of variants that escape host immune responses can render current influenza vaccines ineffective at controlling seasonal epidemics and potential pandemics. Thus, there is a knowledge gap in the understanding of influenza viruses and a corresponding need to develop novel universal vaccines and therapeutic treatments. Investigation of viral pathogenesis, transmission mechanisms, and efficacy of influenza vaccine candidates requires animal models that can recapitulate the disease. Furthermore, the choice of animal model for each research question is crucial in order for researchers to acquire a better knowledge of influenza viruses. Herein, we reviewed the advantages and limitations of each animal model-including mice, ferrets, guinea pigs, swine, felines, canines, and non-human primates-for elucidating influenza viral pathogenesis and transmission and for evaluating therapeutic agents and vaccine efficacy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.