ReviewCancers2021
Molecular Profiles of Brain Metastases: A Focus on Heterogeneity.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Management of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Brain Metastases, and Actionable Genomic Alterations: A Systematic Literature Review.Advances in therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics map lung-adaptive metastasis programs through Exoc4, Cd36-vasculogenic mimicry, and Cxcr2 signaling in triple-negative breast cancer.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Prediction of hormone receptor status in breast cancer brain metastases using an MRI-based multimodal deep learning framework.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Bidirectional roles of meningeal lymphatic vessels in brain metastases: friend and foe.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer: crosstalk between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment components.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Prognostic Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Clinical Management of Brain Metastases (BMs).Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Molecular Underpinnings of Brain Metastases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Capsanthin inhibits migration and reduces N-linked glycosylation of PD-L1 via the EZH2-PD-L1 axis in triple-negative breast cancer brain metastasis.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Comparative immunohistochemical expression of TROP2 in brain metastatic and primary tumors.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- Current preclinical models of brain metastasis.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2024Review
- Long-Term Results of Stereotactic Radiotherapy in Patients with at Least 10 Brain Metastases at Diagnosis.Cancers · 2024Article
- Neuroanatomical location of lung cancer brain metastases in 234 patients with a focus on cancer subtyping and biomarkers.PloS one · 2024Article
- Rapid detection of mutations in CSF-cfTNA with the Genexus Integrated Sequencer.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Expert consensus on the use of third-generation EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer with various T790M mutations post-resistance to first-/second-generation EGFR-TKIs.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2024Review
- Immune dysfunction revealed by digital spatial profiling of immuno-oncology markers in progressive stages of renal cell carcinoma and in brain metastases.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- Oral IRAK-4 Inhibitor CA-4948 Is Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrant and Has Single-Agent Activity against CNS Lymphoma and Melanoma Brain Metastases.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2023Article
- Review
- Successful therapy using high-dose furmonertinib for non-small cell lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Image-localized biopsy mapping of brain tumor heterogeneity: A single-center study protocol.PloS one · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Lorlatinib Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations in Relation to Target Concentrations for Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Inhibition.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastasis is a common and devastating clinical entity. Intratumor heterogeneity in brain metastases poses a crucial challenge to precision medicine. However, advances in next-generation sequencing, new insight into the pathophysiology of driver mutations, and the creation of novel tumor models have allowed us to gain better insight into the genetic landscapes of brain metastases, their temporal evolution, and their response to various treatments. A plethora of genomic studies have identified the heterogeneous clonal landscape of tumors and, at the same time, introduced potential targets for precision medicine. As an example, we present phenotypic alterations in brain metastases originating from three malignancies with the highest brain metastasis frequency: lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma. We discuss the barriers to precision medicine, tumor heterogeneity, the significance of blood-based biomarkers in tracking clonal evolution, the phylogenetic relationship between primary and metastatic tumors, blood-brain barrier heterogeneity, and limitations to ongoing research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.