ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Immunopathology of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Role of Innate and Adaptive Immune Response in Disease Progression.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The association of HBV infection and head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Sequential combination of anti-PD-1 antibody and PEG-IFNα in chronic hepatitis B patients: correlates of HBsAg loss with enhanced T-cell responses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Trial
- Activation of the Jak2/Stat3 pathway by ROS-dependent signaling cascades initiates hepatitis B virus-induced hepatic inflammatory responses.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- HBsAg seroclearance with HBV DNA <100 IU/mL and long-term risks of adverse liver events, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality in chronic hepatitis B: a prospective cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Divergent hepatitis B neutralizing antibody trajectories after spontaneous control in people with and without HIV.Research square · 2026Article
- [The Influence of Hepatitis B Virus on Sex Hormone Levels and Quality of Life in Female Hepatitis B Patients With Different Alanine Aminotransferase States].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Article
- Immune Exhaustion in Chronic Infection and Cancer: Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Interventions.MedComm · 2026Review
- CHB-Induced Immune Zonation Chaos Elicited LXRα-mediated Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Kupffer Cells to Induce Cancer Stem Cell Formation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- ScRNA-seq Identifies High CXCL8 Linked to Liver Fibrosis in HBeAg-negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Low HBsAg.Gastro hep advances · 2026Article
- Drug Repositioning of Pegbing® for Essential Thrombocythemia: Insights from PK/PD Modeling and Extrapolation.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- HBV pgRNA induces chronic inflammation in an IL-1β-dependent manner.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Beyond viral suppression: combining PEG-interferon with novel immunotherapies for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Targeting the innate immune system in treating hepatitis B: prospects for functional cure.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Review
- MASLD and viral hepatitis overlap: An emerging dual burden in chronic liver disease.Hepatology forum · 2026Review
- A case of pregnancy complicated by caroli disease.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Association Between Serum HBV DNA Levels and CCL-20, CD8a, CXCL-16, and GDF-15 in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B.Viruses · 2025Article
- A CpG 1018S/QS-21-Adjuvanted HBsAg Therapeutic Vaccine as a Novel Strategy Against HBV.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Global trends and insights in interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis B: a bibliometric analysis.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Host Immune Response in Chronic Hepatitis Delta: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
More than 250 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B despite the availability of highly effective vaccines and oral antivirals. Although innate and adaptive immune cells play crucial roles in controlling hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, they are also accountable for inflammation and subsequently cause liver pathologies. During the initial phase of HBV infection, innate immunity is triggered leading to antiviral cytokines production, followed by activation and intrahepatic recruitment of the adaptive immune system resulting in successful virus elimination. In chronic HBV infection, significant alterations in both innate and adaptive immunity including expansion of regulatory cells, overexpression of co-inhibitory receptors, presence of abundant inflammatory mediators, and modifications in immune cell derived exosome release and function occurs, which overpower antiviral response leading to persistent viral infection and subsequent immune pathologies associated with disease progression towards fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of innate and adaptive immune cells transformations that are associated with immunopathogenesis and disease outcome in CHB patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.