ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
The CPGs for Limbed Locomotion-Facts and Fiction.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Transspinal stimulation preceding step training reorganizes spinal locomotor circuits in human spinal cord injury: a randomized sham-controlled clinical trial.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2026Trial
- Terrain-Height-Blind Quadrupedal Locomotion Through Privileged Teacher-Student Learning and a Shared Gait-Structured Central Pattern Generator.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Artificial plateau neurons with in-situ spike-malleability for rhythmic quadrupedal locomotion.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Spinal circuit mechanisms constrain therapeutic windows for ALS intervention: A computational modeling study.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Article
- Effects of Complete Spinal Cord Transection in Neonatal and Juvenile Rats on Parvalbumin-Positive Inputs and Perineuronal Net Formation on Chx10-Positive V2a Interneurons.Developmental neuroscience · 2026Article
- Tonically active interneurons gate motor output inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Listen to your feet.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Coordinated spinal locomotor network dynamics emerge from cell-type-specific connectivity patterns.eLife · 2025Article
- Control of limb loading during active horizontal perturbations at moderate and fast trots in rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A physiologically inspired hybrid CPG/Reflex controller for cycling simulations that generalizes to walking.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Generation and modification of human locomotor EMG activity when walking faster and carrying additional weight.Experimental physiology · 2025Article
- Functional Organization of the Spinal Locomotor Network Based on Analysis of Interneuronal Activity.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Parvalbumin-positive primary afferent projections to motoneurons increase after complete spinal transection in neonatal and juvenile rats.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Effects of spinal transection and locomotor speed on muscle synergies of the cat hindlimb.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Coordinated spinal locomotor network dynamics emerge from cell-type-specific connectivity patterns.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Cell-type-specific origins of locomotor rhythmicity at different speeds in larval zebrafish.eLife · 2024Article
- Roles for cerebellum and subsumption architecture in central pattern generation.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2024Review
- Spinal maps of motoneuron activity during human locomotion: neuromechanical considerations.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The neuronal networks that generate locomotion are well understood in swimming animals such as the lamprey, zebrafish and tadpole. The networks controlling locomotion in tetrapods remain, however, still enigmatic with an intricate motor pattern required for the control of the entire limb during the support, lift off, and flexion phase, and most demandingly when the limb makes contact with ground again. It is clear that the inhibition that occurs between bursts in each step cycle is produced by V2b and V1 interneurons, and that a deletion of these interneurons leads to synchronous flexor-extensor bursting. The ability to generate rhythmic bursting is distributed over all segments comprising part of the central pattern generator network (CPG). It is unclear how the rhythmic bursting is generated; however, Shox2, V2a and HB9 interneurons do contribute. To deduce a possible organization of the locomotor CPG, simulations have been elaborated. The motor pattern has been simulated in considerable detail with a network composed of unit burst generators; one for each group of close synergistic muscle groups at each joint. This unit burst generator model can reproduce the complex burst pattern with a constant flexion phase and a shortened extensor phase as the speed increases. Moreover, the unit burst generator model is versatile and can generate both forward and backward locomotion.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.