ReviewViruses2021
Hepatitis B Virus-Related Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis: Review of the Literature and Long-Term Follow-Up Analysis of 18 Patients Treated with Nucleos(t)ide Analogues from the Italian Study Group of Cryoglobulinemia (GISC).
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice-Evidence-Based Approach From the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Tenth Special Issue.Journal of clinical apheresis · 2026Guideline
- KASL clinical practice guidelines for management of chronic hepatitis B Endorsed by the East Asia Liver Alliance (EALA).Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Article
- Left Atrial Myxoma Surgery in Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis Associated with Hepatitis B: A Clinical Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Cryoglobulinemia: An update on classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Cryoglobulinemia, monoclonal and mixed cryoglobulinemia syndromes, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis:Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Renal Involvement in Mixed Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis: Current Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Burden, Outcome, and Comorbidities of Extrahepatic Manifestations in Hepatitis B Virus Infections.Viruses · 2024Review
- High prevalence of past hepatitis B virus infection in diffuse large B cell lymphoma: a retrospective study from Italy.Annals of hematology · 2023Article
- New-onset systemic vasculitis following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination: the trigger, phenotype, and outcome.Clinical rheumatology · 2023Review
- Hepatitis B virus-infection related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Clinical manifestations and the effect of antiviral therapy: A review of the literature.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Extrahepatic Manifestations of Chronic HBV Infection and the Role of Antiviral Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Case of cryoglobulinaemia associated with chronic hepatitis B.BMJ case reports · 2022Article
- Rapid improvement of psychiatric stigmata after IFN-free treatment in HCV patients with and without cryoglobulinemic vasculitis.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection causes progressive liver damage, although about 20% of patients develop extrahepatic manifestations such as cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV). Clinical manifestations range from mild to moderate (purpura, asthenia, arthralgia) to severe (leg ulcers, peripheral neuropathy, glomerulonephritis, non-Hodgkin lymphoma). A comprehensive review of therapeutic options for HBV-related CV is lacking. Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) suppress HBV replication in 90-100% of cases and induce clinical response in most patients with mild-to-moderate CV. Plasma exchange can be performed in patients with severe CV and should be considered in severe or life-threatening cases combined with high doses of corticosteroids and antiviral treatment. A cautious use of rituximab can be considered only in association with NA treatment in refractory cases. A review of the literature and an analysis of data collected by six centers of the Italian Group for the Study of Cryoglobulinemia on 18 HBV-CV nucleotide/nucleoside analogues (NAs)-treated patients were carried out.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.