ReviewCancers2021
Carcinogenesis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Sex Steroid Hormones.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Update on the Role of Androgens and Androgen Receptor in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cells · 2026Review
- Mutant p53 Directs PARP to Regulate Replication Stress and Drive Breast Cancer Metastasis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Role of ERβ in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Associated with p53 and Androgen Receptor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Interaction between Estrogen Receptors and p53: A Broader Role for Tamoxifen?Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Bicalutamide Enhances Conventional Chemotherapy in In Vitro and In Vivo Assays Using Human and Canine Inflammatory Mammary Cancer Cell Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Androgen and Estrogen β Receptor Expression Enhances Efficacy of Antihormonal Treatments in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Key characteristics of carcinogens meet hallmarks for prevention-cutting the Gordian knot.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- New Biomarkers and Treatment Advances in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Estrogen Receptor-β Gene Cytosine-Adenine (International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- CmPn signaling networks in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks an effective treatment target and is usually associated with a poor clinical outcome; however, hormone unresponsiveness, which is the most important biological characteristic of TNBC, only means the lack of nuclear estrogenic signaling through the classical estrogen receptor (ER), ER-α. Several sex steroid receptors other than ER-α: androgen receptor (AR), second ER, ER-β, and non-nuclear receptors represented by G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), are frequently expressed in TNBC and their biological and clinical importance has been suggested by a large number of studies. Despite the structural similarity between each sex steroid hormone (androgens and estrogens) or each receptor (AR and ER-β), and similarity in the signaling mechanisms of these hormones, most studies or reviews focused on one of these receptors, and rarely reviewed them in a comprehensive way. Considering the coexistence of these hormones and their receptors in TNBC in a clinical setting, a comprehensive viewpoint would be important to correctly understand the association between the carcinogenic mechanism or pathobiology of TNBC and sex steroid hormones. In this review, the carcinogenic or pathobiological role of sex steroid hormones in TNBC is considered, focusing on the common and divergent features of the action of these hormones.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.