ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Chronic Critical Illness and PICS Nutritional Strategies.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- High-protein supplementation in critically ill patients: a systematic review, meta-analysis and umbrella review of existing evidence.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- 101 machine learning algorithms for predicting mortality in critically ill patients with spinal cord injury and sarcopenia: a multi-database study.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Observational
- Lymphocyte homing disorder: a concealed driver of intestinal immune collapse in sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- APACHE II and NUTRIC Scores for Mortality Prediction in Chronic Critical Illness: A "Right-Side" Prognostic Modeling Approach.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prognostic Modelling of Mortality in Chronic Critical Illness After Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Prognostic impact of hypernatremia for septic shock patients in the intensive care unit.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Article
- Targeting the immuno-inflammatory-microbial network: a key strategy for sepsis treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Omega-3 fatty acids as host-directed immunomodulatory therapeutics in sepsis: real-world evidence supporting drug development potential for systemic inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Development and evaluation of a risk prediction model for enteral nutrition feeding intolerance in intensive care units.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Definitions, epidemiology, and outcomes of persistent/chronic critical illness: a scoping review for translation to clinical practice.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Article
- Persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS): a review of definitions, potential therapies, and research priorities.British journal of anaesthesia · 2024Review
- Association Between Plasma Levels of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and 28-Day Mortality in Elderly Patients with Sepsis: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Article
- Persistent inflammation-immunosuppression-catabolism syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.International urology and nephrology · 2023Article
- Chronic critical illness and post-intensive care syndrome: from pathophysiology to clinical challenges.Annals of intensive care · 2022Review
- Hypercatabolism and Anti-catabolic Therapies in the Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Biological signatures and prediction of an immunosuppressive status-persistent critical illness-among orthopedic trauma patients using machine learning techniques.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The nutritional hallmark of chronic critical illness (CCI) after sepsis is persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS), which results in global resistance to the anabolic effect of nutritional supplements. This ultimately leaves these patients in a downward phenotypic spiral characterized by cachexia with profound weakness, decreased capacity for rehabilitation, and immunosuppression with the propensity for sepsis recidivism. The persistent catabolism is driven by a pathologic low-grade inflammation with the inability to return to homeostasis and by ongoing increased energy expenditure. Better critical care support systems and advances in technology have led to increased intensive care unit (ICU) survival, but CCI due to PICS with poor long-term outcomes has emerged as a frequent phenotype among ICU sepsis survivors. Unfortunately, therapies to mitigate or reverse PICS-CCI are limited, and recent evidence supports that these patients fail to respond to early ICU evidence-based nutrition protocols. A lack of randomized controlled trials has limited strong recommendations for nutrition adjuncts in these patients. However, based on experience in other conditions characterized by a similar phenotype, immunonutrients aimed at counteracting inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism may be important for improving outcomes in PICS-CCI patients. This manuscript intends to review several immunonutrients as adjunctive therapies in treating PICS-CCI.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.