ReviewJournal of xenobiotics2021
Pharmaceutical Pollution and Disposal of Expired, Unused, and Unwanted Medicines in the Brazilian Context.
Review in Journal of xenobiotics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disposal of unnecessary and expired medicines in households: Practices and factors associated with proper medicine disposal using the extended Theory of Planned Behavior.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Ecopharmacovigilance and Drug Disposal: A Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Among Veterinary Healthcare Providers in and Around Gondar City, Ethiopia.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Evaluating temozolomide for pediatric adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas using microspheroid-based drug screening.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026Article
- The interlinked crisis: pharmaceutical pollution as a driver of antimicrobial resistance in East Africa: an urgent call for ecopharmacovigilance and one health approach.One health outlook · 2026Review
- Prevalence and determinants of unused medicines among households in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- Knowledge and Practices on Household Disposal of Unused Antimicrobials in Ho Municipality, Ghana.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- The occurrence and persistence of surface water contaminants across different landscapes.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Article
- Pharmaceutical Pollutants: Ecotoxicological Impacts and the Use of Agro-Industrial Waste for Their Removal from Aquatic Environments.Journal of xenobiotics · 2024Review
- Illicit Drugs in Surface Waters: How to Get Fish off the Addictive Hook.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Assessment of the magnitude, economic impact, and factors associated with expired veterinary pharmaceuticals in animal health facilities in South Wollo, Ethiopia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Guidance provided by pharmacists to customers regarding to destination of unused household medications: disposal of household medications.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Expiry of veterinary medicines in supply outlets in Central Uganda: prevalence, management and associated factors.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2023Article
- Do Synthetic Fragrances in Personal Care and Household Products Impact Indoor Air Quality and Pose Health Risks?Journal of xenobiotics · 2023Review
- Household Pharmaceutical Waste Disposal as a Global Problem-A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is an everyday recognized concern worldwide, and drugs as environmental contaminants have been detected in water and soil systems, posing risks to humans and wildlife. The presence of drugs in wastewater, groundwater, and even drinking water occurs in several countries, including Brazil, where the pharmaceutical market is expanding over the years. The adverse, harmful effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment range from the spreading of antimicrobial resistance and species survival to the interference with reproduction and increased cancer incidence in humans. Therefore, it is demanding to count on proper legislation to prevent these pollutants from entering the distinct environment compartments. In some developed countries, laws, directives, programs, and initiatives regarding drug disposal reach a mature status. In Brazil, federal laws dealing with drug residues' management are recent, with flaws that might facilitate non-compliance with drug pollution issues. Besides, pharmacies and drugstores are not obligated to collect unneeded household medicines, while particular State laws aim to ordinate the disposal of drug residues regionally. In this review, we consider the current knowledge about pharmaceutical (drug) pollution, the recommendation and regulations on the disposal of useless medicines in some countries, and in the context of the expanding pharmaceutical market in Brazil. The awareness of emerging contaminants in the environment, besides the joint effort of authorities, consumers, and the general public nationwide, will be required to avoid pharmaceutical/drug pollution and achieve an eco-friendly environment and a sustainable society.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.