Observational studyNutrients2021
Dietary Patterns of Breastfeeding Mothers and Human Milk Composition: Data from the Italian MEDIDIET Study.
Observational study in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal Lifestyle Factors Affecting Breast Milk Composition and Infant Health: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Are Major a Posteriori Dietary Patterns Reproducible in the Italian Population? A Systematic Review and Quantitative Assessment.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Different Dietary Patterns on Macronutrient Composition in Human Breast Milk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Growth Deceleration in Infants With Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Cow's Milk Allergy: Case Series From Specialised Centre.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- The Impact of Maternal Dietary Avoidance During Breastfeeding on Physical Growth and Social-Emotional Development in Infants with Food Allergies: A Prospective Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exploring the Enablers and Barriers to Healthy Eating for Lactating Mothers in Underserved Settings in Ghana.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association of maternal diet with human milk fatty acid and macronutrient composition: a Saudi cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Adiposity-dependent adipokine-immunoglobulin interplay in mature breast milk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Article
- Unravelling the effect of parity on immunoglobulins, cytokines and adipokines in human transitional milk and their association with infant infections during the first 6 months of life.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Dynamic Variations in Endogenous Peptides in Chinese Human Milk Across Lactation and Geographical Regions.Nutrients · 2025Article
- From Mother to Baby: The Role of Human Milk Vitamins in Infant Body Development and Breast Milk Jaundice-An Observational Study.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Maternal diet shapes infant microbiota and defensive capacity against infections in early life via differential human milk composition.EBioMedicine · 2025Observational
- Association of Maternal Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods with Feeding Practices and Malnutrition in Breastfed Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Food Group Consumption and Nutrient Intake by Breastfeeding Women: Comparison to Current Dietary Guidelines and Nutrient Recommendations.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Human milk whey proteins: Constituents, influencing factors, detection methods, and comparative analysis with other sources.Food chemistry: X · 2025Review
- Minimum dietary diversity and its determinants among lactating mothers in five Sub-Saharan African countries: A multilevel analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Importance of human milk for infants in the clinical setting: Updates and mechanistic links.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2023Review
- Dietary intake assessment in a group of breastfeeding women in two populations of Antioquia, Colombia, 2021-2022Revista colombiana de obstetricia y ginecologia · 2023Article
- The association of maternal food quality score (FQS) with breast milk nutrient content and antioxidant content of infant urine: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
(1) Background: Several studies have reported associations between maternal diet in terms of single foods or nutrients and human milk compounds, while the overall role of maternal diet and related dietary patterns has rarely been investigated. (2) Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, we enrolled 300 healthy Italian mothers, who exclusively breastfed their infant. During a hospital visit at 6 weeks postpartum, a sample of freshly expressed foremilk was collected and information on maternal dietary habits in the postpartum period was obtained through an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. We applied principal component factor analysis to selected nutrients in order to identify maternal dietary patterns, and assessed correlations in human milk macronutrients and fatty acids across levels of dietary patterns. (3) Results: Five dietary patterns were identified, named "Vitamins, minerals and fibre", "Proteins and fatty acids with legs", "Fatty acids with fins", "Fatty acids with leaves", "Starch and vegetable proteins". These dietary patterns were correlated with some milk components, namely fatty acids, and in particular ω-3 and its subcomponents. (4) Conclusions: This study showed that overall maternal dietary habits during breastfeeding may influence human milk composition, suggesting the importance of adequate maternal nutrition during lactation not only for the mother herself but also to provide the infant with milk containing adequate amount and quality of nutrients for a balanced nutrition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.