ReviewBrain sciences2021
The Polygenic Nature and Complex Genetic Architecture of Specific Learning Disorder.
Review in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Peripheral Hematological and Immune-Endocrine Markers in Children with Specific Learning Disorder: An Exploratory Retrospective Case-Control Study.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Shared genetic and environmental influences between the broad avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder phenotype and neurodevelopmental traits: a twin study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Increased Agmatine Degradation in Children with Specific Learning Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Assuring Primary Healthcare Services to Vulnerable Children in a Disadvantaged Suburb of Rome Metropolitan City During the Pandemic: Responses to the Crisis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Targeted analysis of dyslexia-associated regions on chromosomes 6, 12 and 15 in large multigenerational cohorts.PloS one · 2025Article
- Investigation of Association Between Expression of DYX1C1, KIAA0319, and ROBO1 Genes and Specific Learning Disorder in Children and Adolescents.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2024Article
- Unraveling individual differences in learning potential: A dynamic framework for the case of reading development.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Review
- The High Rates of Comorbidity among Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Reconsidering the Clinical Utility of Distinct Diagnostic Categories.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Developmental Dyslexia: Insights from EEG-Based Findings and Molecular Signatures-A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Association between parenting styles and dyslexia in primary school students: the mediating role of home literacy environment.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of primary markers of inflammation and the systemic inflammation index in specific learning disabilities.Biomarkers in medicine · 2024Article
- Sex and age effects on gray matter volume trajectories in young children with prenatal alcohol exposure.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- Is Specific Learning Disorder Predicted by Developmental Language Disorder? Evidence from a Follow-Up Study on Italian Children.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Telerehabilitation Pathways in Specific Learning Disorders: Improving Reading and Writing.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- "Calculating faces": can face perception paradigms enrich dyscalculia research?Frontiers in psychology · 2023Review
- Development, Reliability, and Validity of the Preschool Learning Skills Scale: A Tool for Early Identification of Preschoolers at Risk of Learning Disorder in Mainland China.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a multifactorial, neurodevelopmental disorder which may involve persistent difficulties in reading (dyslexia), written expression and/or mathematics. Dyslexia is characterized by difficulties with speed and accuracy of word reading, deficient decoding abilities, and poor spelling. Several studies from different, but complementary, scientific disciplines have investigated possible causal/risk factors for SLD. Biological, neurological, hereditary, cognitive, linguistic-phonological, developmental and environmental factors have been incriminated. Despite worldwide agreement that SLD is highly heritable, its exact biological basis remains elusive. We herein present: (a) an update of studies that have shaped our current knowledge on the disorder's genetic architecture; (b) a discussion on whether this genetic architecture is 'unique' to SLD or, alternatively, whether there is an underlying common genetic background with other neurodevelopmental disorders; and, (c) a brief discussion on whether we are at a position of generating meaningful correlations between genetic findings and anatomical data from neuroimaging studies or specific molecular/cellular pathways. We conclude with open research questions that could drive future research directions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.