ReviewBiomedicines2021
Non-Immunotherapy Application of LNP-mRNA: Maximizing Efficacy and Safety.
Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Charge-switching ionizable lipids lower the toxicity of lipid nanoparticles.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- Cold-adapted RNA polymerase fromProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Antiviral efficacy of LNP-delivered IFN-α14-ApoAI mRNA for chronic hepatitis B.Journal of virus eradication · 2026Article
- Precision metabolic therapy for propionic acidemia.Biochemical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Smart nanoparticle vaccines integrate nanotechnology artificial intelligence and immunoengineering for precision immunization.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Recent advances in lipid nanoparticles for cancer vaccine delivery: Challenges and future perspectives.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Innovative γ-Oryzanol and KC2 Based Lipid Nanoparticles: OryKL Platform Provides Safe and Efficient In Vivo mRNA Delivery.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Deciphering the biological fate of mRNA-LNP-based biologics: A perspective from tissue to intracellular distribution.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Transient muscle expression of mitoARCUS in mice leads to sustained reductions in pathogenic mtDNA and reduces fatigability.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- DNA delivered by lipid nanoparticles induces CD8+ T cell-dependent antitumor responses and enhances anti-PD-L1 therapy.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Identification of Phage RNA Polymerases That Minimize Double-Stranded RNA By-Product Formation and Their Characterization via In Vitro Transcription.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Inflammation-related lncRNAs in the regulation of kidney injuries; special emphasis on novel lncRNA-based delivery platforms.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- The strategies and advances of mRNA translation booster.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Poly(carboxybetaine) lipids enhance mRNA therapeutics efficacy and reduce their immunogenicity.Nature materials · 2025Article
- Synergistic effect of nucleoside modification and ionizable lipid composition on translation and immune responses to mRNA vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Multisystem Endothelial Inflammation: A Key Driver of Adverse Events Following mRNA-Containing COVID-19 Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Targeted mRNA delivery with bispecific antibodies that tether LNPs to cell surface markers.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Noncoding RNA Lipotherapeutics: A Promising Breakthrough in Pulmonary Hypertension Treatment.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Using siRNA-Based Anti-Inflammatory Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Regulation in Psoriasis.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Revolutionizing Heart Failure Therapy: Harnessing IVT mRNA and Fusion Protein Technology to Prolong rhBNP Half-Life.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulated messenger RNA-based (LNP-mRNA) vaccines came into the spotlight as the first vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 virus to be applied worldwide. Long-known benefits of mRNA-based technologies consisting of relatively simple and fast engineering of mRNA encoding for antigens and proteins of interest, no genomic integration, and fast and efficient manufacturing process compared with other biologics have been verified, thus establishing a basis for a broad range of applications. The intrinsic immunogenicity of LNP formulated in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA is beneficial to the LNP-mRNA vaccines. However, avoiding immune activation is critical for therapeutic applications of LNP-mRNA for protein replacement where targeted mRNA expression and repetitive administration of high doses for a lifetime are required. This review summarizes our current understanding of immune activation induced by mRNA, IVT byproducts, and LNP. It gives a comprehensive overview of the present status of preclinical and clinical studies in which LNP-mRNA is used for protein replacement and treatment of rare diseases with an emphasis on safety. Moreover, the review outlines innovations and strategies to advance pharmacology and safety of LNP-mRNA for non-immunotherapy applications.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.