ReviewJournal of personalized medicine2021
TMS-EEG Research to Elucidate the Pathophysiological Neural Bases in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.
Review in Journal of personalized medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation in forensic populations: scoping review.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Neurophysiological profiles of patients with bipolar disorders as probed with transcranial magnetic stimulation: A systematic review.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of TMS and neurophysiological biometrics in patients with schizophrenia.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPNPooled it
- Evaluation of GABAergic and Glutamatergic Levels in the Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Patients With Bipolar Disorder: A Cross-SectionalNeuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Article
- Validation of an electroencephalography data assimilation-based computational approach for estimating cortical excitation-inhibition balance.Communications engineering · 2025Article
- Exploring Cognitive Deficits and Neuromodulation in Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Real-time TMS-EEG for brain state-controlled research and precision treatment: a narrative review and guide.Journal of neural engineering · 2024Review
- EEG Techniques with Brain Activity Localization, Specifically LORETA, and Its Applicability in Monitoring Schizophrenia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Exploring causal mechanisms of psychosis risk.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Review
- Normative modelling of molecular-based functional circuits captures clinical heterogeneity transdiagnostically in psychiatric patients.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Modulators of GABANeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- Mapping alterations in the local synchrony of the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2023Article
- Investigation of Spatiotemporal Profiles of Single-Pulse TMS-Evoked Potentials with Active Stimulation Compared with a Novel Sham Condition.Biosensors · 2022Article
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Neuroimaging, and Neuromodulation of Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Improving Knowledge on Pathways to Functional Outcome in Schizophrenia: Main Results From the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- A Review of Studies Leveraging Multimodal TMS-fMRI Applications in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Schizophrenia.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a serious mental disorder, and its pathogenesis is complex. Recently, the glutamate hypothesis and the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance hypothesis have been proposed as new pathological hypotheses for SCZ. Combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive novel method that enables us to investigate the cortical activity in humans, and this modality is a suitable approach to evaluate these hypotheses. In this study, we systematically reviewed TMS-EEG studies that investigated the cortical dysfunction of SCZ to examine the emerging hypotheses for SCZ. The following search terms were set in this systematic review: (TMS or 'transcranial magnetic stimulation') and (EEG or electroencephalog*) and (schizophrenia). We inspected the articles written in English that examined humans and were published by March 2020 via MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed. The initial search generated 379 studies, and 14 articles were finally identified. The current review noted that patients with SCZ demonstrated the E/I deficits in the prefrontal cortex, whose dysfunctions were also associated with cognitive impairment and clinical severity. Moreover, TMS-induced gamma activity in the prefrontal cortex was related to positive symptoms, while theta/delta band activities were associated with negative symptoms in SCZ. Thus, this systematic review discusses aspects of the pathophysiological neural basis of SCZ that are not explained by the traditional dopamine hypothesis exclusively, based on the findings of previous TMS-EEG research, mainly in terms of the E/I imbalance hypothesis. In conclusion, TMS-EEG neurophysiology can be applied to establish objective biomarkers for better diagnosis as well as to develop new therapeutic strategies for patients with SCZ.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.