ArticleVaccines2021
What Arguments against COVID-19 Vaccines Run on Facebook in Poland: Content Analysis of Comments.
Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A taxonomy of anti-vaccination arguments from a systematic literature review and text modelling.Nature human behaviour · 2023Pooled it
- The Prevalence, Features, Influencing Factors, and Solutions for COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Pooled it
- Misinformation About COVID-19 Vaccines on Social Media: Rapid Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Pooled it
- Social Perception, Trust, and Reluctance Towards Vaccines: A Bibliometric Analysis (2019-2025).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Statistical misreasoning in online content about vaccines: Implications and recommendations for addressing disinformation.PloS one · 2026Article
- Alarming data on attitudes and practices toward COVID-19 - changes during the 1 st, 2nd and 3rd waves of the pandemic: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Role of Influencers and Echo Chambers in the Diffusion of Vaccine Misinformation: Opinion Mining in a Taiwanese Online Community.JMIR infodemiology · 2025Article
- Co-designing and pilot testing a digital game to improve vaccine attitudes and misinformation resistance in Ghana.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Exploring vaccine hesitancy in digital public discourse: From tribal polarization to socio-economic disparities.PloS one · 2024Article
- People's perceptions on COVID-19 vaccination: an analysis of twitter discourse from four countries.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Tweeting for Health Using Real-time Mining and Artificial Intelligence-Based Analytics: Design and Development of a Big Data Ecosystem for Detecting and Analyzing Misinformation on Twitter.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- Users' Reactions to Announced Vaccines Against COVID-19 Before Marketing in France: Analysis of Twitter Posts.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- The association of conspiracy beliefs and the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Public Engagement with Romanian Government Social Media Accounts during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Enhanced sentiment analysis regarding COVID-19 news from global channels.Journal of computational social science · 2023Article
- Willingness to vaccinate among adults, and factors associated with vaccine acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines in a nationwide study in Poland between March 2021 and April 2022.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- How Psychological Variables Maybe Correlated with Willingness to Get COVID-19 Vaccine: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study of Polish Novice Nurses.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Factors Associated with Willingness to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccine in Adult Polish Population-A Cross-Sectional Survey.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Article
- Social media and attitudes towards a COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review of the literature.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Social media allow anti-vaxxers to quickly spread misinformation and false statements. This situation may lead to an increase in vaccine hesitancy. We wanted to characterize what arguments against COVID-19 vaccines run on Facebook in Poland. We analyzed Facebook comments related to the five events of the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines-announcements of the efficacy of the Pfizer-BioNTech (09.11.2020), Moderna (16.11.2020), and AstraZeneca (23.11.2020) vaccines, registration of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine by the European Medicines Agency (21.12.2020), and the first vaccination in Poland (27.12.2020). We collected the comments from fanpages of the biggest Polish media and then established their main anti-vaccine themes. We found that the negative arguments about COVID-19 vaccines can be divided into 12 categories. Seven of them are universal and also apply to other vaccines but five are new and COVID-19' specific. The frequency of arguments from a given category varied over time. We also noticed that, while the comments were mostly negative, the reactions were positive. Created codebook of anti-vaccine COVID-19 arguments can be used to monitor the attitude of society towards COVID-19 vaccines. Real-time monitoring of social media is important because the popularity of certain arguments on Facebook changes rapidly over time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.