Observational studyNutrients2021
Time-Restricted Feeding and Metabolic Outcomes in a Cohort of Italian Adults.
Observational study in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cross-sectional and prospective associations between time-restricted eating and cardiometabolic health in community-dwelling adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Time-Limited Eating and Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adolescents with Obesity: A Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- [Research progress on the effects of time-restricted eating on metabolic associated fatty liver disease].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Review
- A Novel Chronotype-Based Mediterranean Diet Pyramid: An Updated Representation by the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE) and the Italian Society of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI).Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Intermittent fasting and immune aging: implications for immunosenescence, inflammaging, neuroinflammation, and frailty.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Do We Just Need To Eat Less Often? An Update on the Role of Eating Frequency and Intermittent Fasting for Obesity Prevention and Management.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Time-of-day and age-related patterns in cerebrospinal fluid glucose and protein.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Chrononutrition behaviors in relation to diet quality and obesity: do dietary assessment methods and energy intake misreporting matter?Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Effect of time-restricted feeding and caloric restriction in metabolic associated fatty liver disease in male rats.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Article
- Sex-specific chrono-nutritional patterns and association with body weight in a general population in Spain (GCAT study).The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Article
- Underrated aspects of a true Mediterranean diet: understanding traditional features for worldwide application of a "Planeterranean" diet.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Circadian-mediated regulation of cardiometabolic disorders and aging with time-restricted feeding.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2023Review
- Article
- Slim larks and overweight owls? A two years dietary intervention in shift workers.Industrial health · 2022Article
- Italian Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet in Overweight and Obese Patients with Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Quality of life in liver transplant recipients during the Corona virus disease 19 pandemic: A multicentre study.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2022Article
- Review
- A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis of Intermittent Fasting.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Measured through Medi-Lite Score and Obesity: A Retrospective Study.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Differential Effects of One Meal per Day in the Evening on Metabolic Health and Physical Performance in Lean Individuals.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundresearch exploring the effects of food timing and frequency on health and disease is currently ongoing. While there is an increasing body of scientific literature showing the potential health benefits of intermittent fasting (IF) in laboratory settings and in animals, studies regarding IF on humans are limited. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the feeding/fasting time window and metabolic outcomes among adult individuals.
methodsdietary and demographic data of 1936 adult subjects living in the south of Italy were examined. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were administered to determine the period of time between the first and the last meal of a typical day. Subjects were then divided into those with a time feeding window lasting more than 10 h, within 8 h (TRF-8) and within 10 h.
resultsafter adjustment for potential confounding factors related to eating habits (such as adherence to the Mediterranean diet, having breakfast/dinner), TRF-10 was inversely associated with being overweight/obese (OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.07), hypertension (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.45), and dyslipidemias (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.63), while TRF-8 only with being overweight/obese (OR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.15) and hypertension (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.60). No associations were found with type-2 diabetes.
conclusionsindividuals with a restricted feeding time window were less likely to be overweight, obese and hypertensive. Further studies are needed to clearly validate the results of the present study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.