Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34068009›Full record

ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Long-COVID Syndrome? A Study on the Persistence of Neurological, Psychological and Physiological Symptoms.

Graziella Orrù, Davide Bertelloni, Francesca Diolaiuti, Federico Mucci, Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Marco Biella, Angelo Gemignani, Rebecca Ciacchini, Ciro Conversano

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
12.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Pooled it
  7. Trial
  8. Observational
  9. Self-reported cognitive and affective complaints associated with olfactory loss in an online survey of individuals with COVID-19.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
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  16. Neurological, psychological, psychosocial complications of long-COVID and their management.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Advance in the mechanism and clinical research of myalgia in long COVID.American journal of clinical and experimental immunology · 2024
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Graziella OrrùDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8769-7693
Davide BertelloniDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Francesca DiolaiutiDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Federico MucciDepartment of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9746-8237
Mariagrazia Di GiuseppeDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Marco BiellaDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8039-0170
Angelo GemignaniDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Rebecca CiacchiniDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4264-6884
Ciro ConversanoDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0726-3634
University of Pisa · ITUniversity of Siena · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEmerging aspects of the Covid-19 clinical presentation are its long-term effects, which are characteristic of the so-called "long COVID". The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of physical, psychological, and sleep disturbances and the quality of life in the general population during the ongoing pandemic.

methodsThis study, based on an online survey, collected demographic data, information related to COVID-19, sleep disturbances, and quality of life data from 507 individuals. The level of sleep disturbances and quality of life was assessed through the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), respectively.

resultsIn total, 507 individuals (M = 91 and F = 416 women) completed the online survey. The main symptoms associated with "long COVID" were headache, fatigue, muscle aches/myalgia, articular pains, cognitive impairment, loss of concentration, and loss of smell. Additionally, the subjects showed significant levels of insomnia (

conclusionsThe results of the study appear in line with recent publications, but uncertainty regarding the definition and specific features of "long COVID" remains. Further studies are needed in order to better define the clinical presentation of the "long COVID" condition and related targeted treatments.

Indexed as

COVID-19insomnialong COVIDlong-haul COVIDquality of life

Identifiers

PMID34068009
PMCPMC8152255
OpenAlexW3162967337

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.