ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Understanding LAG-3 Signaling.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 210 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends and hotspots in research related to tumor immune escape: bibliometric analysis and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Cardiac Toxicity Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Paclitaxel plus Eftilagimod Alpha, a Soluble LAG-3 Protein, in Metastatic, HR+ Breast Cancer: Results from AIPAC, a Randomized, Placebo Controlled Phase IIb Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Trial
- Research progress on the molecular mechanisms of PD-1 and LAG-3 synergy in regulating T cell exhaustion and immunotherapy.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical Impact of CTLA4 and LAG3 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated With BCMA CAR T-Cell Therapy.Hematological oncology · 2026Article
- Molecular Architecture and Clinical Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Receptors and Ligands.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- microRNAs as Regulators of the Immune Response and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications in Cancer.Non-coding RNA · 2026Review
- The multifaceted landscape of T cell exhaustion in organ transplantation: From molecular mechanisms (epigenetics, transcription, metabolism) to induction strategies.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Ubiquitin-driven regulation of immune checkpoints in lung cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
- Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Molecular Subtypes; Immune Escape; Limitations of Current Immunotherapy; and the BTLA/HVEM/CD160 Axis as an Emerging Target.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- The Immune Landscape of Acral Melanoma: From Basic to Clinical.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Innovative immunotherapy approaches: harnessing synergy of dual checkpoint blockade in oncology.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint molecules beyond PD-1 and CTLA-4: emerging targets in autoimmune diseases and cancer immunotherapy.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Melanoma: Anti-PD-1, Anti-CTLA-4 and Anti-LAG-3 Therapies.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Stress-Related Immunomodulation of Canine Lymphocyte Responses and Hematologic Profiles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Targeted Treatment of Richter Transformation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Unraveling Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicities: Pathway Insights, Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- T Cell Exhaustion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Substantial Barrier in Immunotherapy.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is a cell surface inhibitory receptor with multiple biological activities over T cell activation and effector functions. LAG-3 plays a regulatory role in immunity and emerged some time ago as an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule comparable to PD-1 and CTLA-4 and a potential target for enhancing anti-cancer immune responses. LAG-3 is the third inhibitory receptor to be exploited in human anti-cancer immunotherapies, and it is considered a potential next-generation cancer immunotherapy target in human therapy, right next to PD-1 and CTLA-4. Unlike PD-1 and CTLA-4, the exact mechanisms of action of LAG-3 and its relationship with other immune checkpoint molecules remain poorly understood. This is partly caused by the presence of non-conventional signaling motifs in its intracellular domain that are different from other conventional immunoregulatory signaling motifs but with similar inhibitory activities. Here we summarize the current understanding of LAG-3 signaling and its role in LAG-3 functions, from its mechanisms of action to clinical applications.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.