ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Impact of COVID-19 Home Confinement in Children's Refractive Errors.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysing myopia in Europe: A comprehensive meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of spectacle lenses specifically designed for myopia control: systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Pooled it
- Paediatric myopia shift during the COVID-19 pandemic home quarantine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ paediatrics open · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of remote learning during the COVID-19 lockdown on children's visual health: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak and associated public health measures increase the progression of myopia among children and adolescents: Evidence synthesis.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2022Pooled it
- Pediatric Myopia Progression During the COVID-19 Pandemic Home Quarantine and the Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Screen Time and Myopia-Related Outcomes in European Children: A Systematic Review.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- [A population-based survey of myopia on primary school students in an administrative district, 2019 to 2024].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2026Article
- Clinic-based prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors and associated visual impairment: a nationwide cross-sectional study of 3.6 million outpatients in Mexico.BMC public health · 2026Article
- IMI-2025 Digest.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Increasing myopia in Scotland at age of 3.5-5.5 years: A retrospective epidemiological study.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
- Comparison of the performance of myopia control in European children and adolescents with defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) and highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) spectacles.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Media Device Use and Vision Disorders in the Pediatric Age: The State of the Art.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Prevalence and Estimation of the Evolution of Myopia in Spanish Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The Impact of Excessive Digital Screen use on Refractive Error Progression Over 1 Year Among Schoolchildren in Northwest Algeria.Beyoglu eye journal · 2024Article
- The CroMyop study: myopia progression in Croatian children and adolescents-a 15-year retrospective analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) to Manage Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and the Post-COVID-19 Health Crisis.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Orthokeratology compliance, digital device use, and myopia control among children with myopia during COVID-19 home confinement in Taiwan.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Myopia progression in school children with prolonged screen time during the coronavirus disease confinement.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMyopia is a public health problem, with estimations that 50% of the world population will be myopic by 2050. Some environmental factors, such as time spent outdoors, doing near work, and using digital devices, influence the development of myopia in children. Home confinement in Spain has increased these risk factors, so this study aims to investigate the impact of home confinement during the COVID-19 outbreak in the vision of school-aged children; Methods: A cross-sectional study in children between 5 and 7 years old that completed a visual screening and a questionnaire about their lifestyles at opticians in Spain in September and October of 2019 and 2020. Statistical analysis to compare lifestyles pre and post confinement, and vision in 2020 versus a similar cohort examined at the same opticians in 2019, was conducted; Results: Spanish children spent less time outdoors and more time doing near work in 2020 than in 2019 (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.