Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34067847›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Disparities in HIV Clinical Stages Progression of Patients at Outpatient Clinics in Democratic Republic of Congo.

Raimi Ewetola, Gulzar H Shah, Lievain Maluantesa, Gina Etheredge, Kristie Waterfield, Astrid Mulenga, Apolinaire Kilundu

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. The Medication Experience of TB/HIV Coinfected Patients: Qualitative Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Raimi EwetolaDivision of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Gulzar H ShahJiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0954-3418
Lievain MaluantesaFHI 360, Kinshasa 1015, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Gina EtheredgeFHI 360, Washington, DC 20009, USA.
Kristie WaterfieldJiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9453-5801
Astrid MulengaFHI 360, Kinshasa 1015, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Apolinaire KilunduNational AIDS Control Program (PNLS), HIV Program, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa 316, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Georgia Southern University · USFamily Health International 360 · USMinistry of Public Health · CD

Funding

CDC HHS 5 NU2GGH002033-02-00
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextIn this era of patient-centered care, it is increasingly important for HIV/AIDS care and treatment programs to customize their services according to patients' clinical stage progression and other risk assessments. To enable such customization of HIV care and treatment delivery, the research evidence explaining factors associated with patients' clinical stages is needed.

objectivesThe primary objective of this study was to produce such scientific evidence by analyzing the most recent data for patients at outpatient clinics in the provinces of Kinshasa and Haut-Katanga and to examine the patient characteristics associated with WHO stages of disease progression.

methodsUsing a quantitative retrospective cohort study design, we analyzed data from 49,460 people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 241 HIV/AIDS clinics located in Haut-Katanga and Kinshasa provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo. We performed Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression analyses.

resultsA small proportion (i.e., 4.4%) of PLHIV were at WHO's clinical progression stage 4, whereas 30.7% were at clinical stage 3, another 22.9% at stage 2, and the remaining 41.9% were at stage 1, the least severe stage. After controlling for other demographic and clinical factors included in the model, the likelihood of being at stage 1 rather than stage 3 or 4 was significantly higher (at

conclusionsOur study showed that TB co-infection raised the risk for PLHIV to be at the severe stages of clinical progression of HIV. Such variation supports the thesis that customized HIV management approaches and clinical regimens may be imperative for this high-risk population. We also found significant variation in HIV clinical progression stages by geographic location and demographic characteristics. Such variation points to the need for more targeted efforts to address the disparities, as the programs attempt to improve the effectiveness of HIV care and treatment. The intersectionality of vulnerabilities from HIV, TB, and COVID-19-related hardships has elevated the need for customized care and treatment even more in the COVID-19 era.

Indexed as

COVID-19HIV InfectionsAmbulatory Care FacilitiesDemocratic Republic of the CongoFemaleHumansRetrospective StudiesSARS-CoV-2antiretroviral treatmentDemocratic Republic of CongoHIV clinical stagesmultinomial logistic regressionTB/HIV co-infection

Identifiers

PMID34067847
PMCPMC8156374
OpenAlexW3161866550

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.