Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34067797›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Epidemiology and Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Geriatric Patients: A Narrative Review.

Maria Luisa Cristina, Anna Maria Spagnolo, Luana Giribone, Alice Demartini, Marina Sartini

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Observational
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Geriatric Health: Research to Policy.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. [Recommendations on prevention and treatment of respiratory infections in institutionalised older people].Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2025
    Review
  17. Incidence trends and epidemiology of invasive device-associated bacteremia in French nursing home residents, 2020-2024: Insights from the SPIADI Prospective Multicenter Study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Maria Luisa CristinaDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Anna Maria SpagnoloDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Luana GiriboneDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0435-1388
Alice DemartiniDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0030-8518
Marina SartiniDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7127-2893
University of Genoa · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Demographic studies show that life expectancy is increasing in developed countries; increased longevity has also increased the share of the older population with often concomitant chronic conditions. An ageing population and increased comorbidities lead to more complex pharmacological therapies (polypharmacy). The particular picture provided by chronic conditions and polypharmacy can lead to longer hospital stays and a greater need for healthcare. Elderly patients are identified as being in the high-risk group for the development of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) due to the age-related decline of the immune system, known as immunosenescence. Comorbid conditions can often complicate infections, diminishing our ability to treat them effectively. Respiratory tract infections are the most common healthcare-associated infections, followed by urinary tract infections. HAIs in geriatric patients are responsible for longer hospital stays, extended antibiotic therapy, significant mortality, and higher healthcare costs. This is because the microorganisms involved are multidrug-resistant and, therefore, more difficult to eliminate. Moreover, geriatric patients are frequently transferred from one facility (nursing homes, skilled nursing facilities, home care, and other specialty clinics) to another or from one hospital ward to another; these transitions cause care fragmentation, which can undermine the effectiveness of treatment and allow pathogens to be transferred from one setting to another and from one person to another. Multifactorial efforts such as early recognition of infections, restricted use of invasive devices, and effective infection control measures (surveillance, isolation practices, hand hygiene, etc.) can contribute to significant reduction of HAIs in geriatric patients.

Indexed as

Cross InfectionUrinary Tract InfectionsAgedDelivery of Health CareHumansInfection ControlNursing Homeselderlyepidemiologyhealthcare-associated infections

Identifiers

PMID34067797
PMCPMC8156303
OpenAlexW3160689715

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.