ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Seasonal Variations in Childhood and Adolescent Growth: Experience of Pediatric Endocrine Clinics.
Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- A glimpse into the impact of physical activity on linear growth in children and adolescents through activity restrictions accompanying the COVID-19 outbreak.BioMedicine · 2026Article
- Family stress and child BMIz during the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring the mediating effects of cortisol.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- Endocrine Disorders and COVID-19 Severity in Pediatric Populations: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Change of obesity prevalence and lifestyle patterns before and during COVID-19 among Korean adolescents.Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2022Article
- How the COVID-19 Pandemic Has Changed Adolescent Health: Physical Activity, Sleep, Obesity, and Mental Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Age- and weight group-specific weight gain patterns in children and adolescents during the 15 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Article
- Severe Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Metabolic Effects, Assessment, and Treatment.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChildren experience seasonal variations in growth whereby height increases most in spring and least in autumn, and weight increases least in spring and most in autumn. We hypothesized that activity restriction caused by efforts to contain the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) would result in increased body mass index (BMI) in children, differing from conventional seasonal growth variations.
methodsWe included 169 children who visited endocrine clinics of three hospitals in Korea at regular intervals under the same conditions for two years. Visit dates were D1 (January, 2019), D2 (July, 2019), D3 (January, 2020) before the COVID-19 outbreak, and D4 (July, 2020) during the pandemic. Differences in the z-score for height (HT), weight (WT), and BMI among time points and between spring seasons (i.e., S1-S3) were compared.
resultsThere were significant differences in BMIz among time points, which decreased from D1-D2 and increased from D2-D3 and D3-D4. WTz significantly increased from D2-D3 and D3-D4. BMIz values of S1 (spring 2019) and S3 (spring 2020) were -0.05 and 0.16, respectively, showing significant differences. WTz values between S1 and S3 were significantly different (-0.02 vs. 0.13).
conclusionsIn 2019, there were conventional seasonal variations in BMIz, which declined in spring and increased in autumn, while in 2020, BMIz increased even in spring. The COVID-19 pandemic may have affected seasonal variations in the growth of children attending endocrine clinics.
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