Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34067726›Full record

ArticleCancers2021

Deep Learning for the Classification of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma on Histopathological Images.

Georg Steinbuss, Mark Kriegsmann, Christiane Zgorzelski, Alexander Brobeil, Benjamin Goeppert, Sascha Dietrich, Gunhild Mechtersheimer, Katharina Kriegsmann

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Diagnostic Value ofTechnology in cancer research & treatment
    Pooled it
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  15. Machine learning methods for histopathological image analysis: Updates in 2024.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Georg SteinbussDepartment of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Mark KriegsmannInstitute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7319-3646
Christiane ZgorzelskiInstitute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Alexander BrobeilInstitute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Benjamin GoeppertInstitute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Sascha DietrichDepartment of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Gunhild MechtersheimerInstitute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Katharina KriegsmannDepartment of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The diagnosis and the subtyping of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are challenging and require expert knowledge, great experience, thorough morphological analysis, and often additional expensive immunohistological and molecular methods. As these requirements are not always available, supplemental methods supporting morphological-based decision making and potentially entity subtyping are required. Deep learning methods have been shown to classify histopathological images with high accuracy, but data on NHL subtyping are limited. After annotation of histopathological whole-slide images and image patch extraction, we trained and optimized an EfficientNet convolutional neuronal network algorithm on 84,139 image patches from 629 patients and evaluated its potential to classify tumor-free reference lymph nodes, nodal small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The optimized algorithm achieved an accuracy of 95.56% on an independent test set including 16,960 image patches from 125 patients after the application of quality controls. Automatic classification of NHL is possible with high accuracy using deep learning on histopathological images and routine diagnostic applications should be pursued.

Indexed as

artificial intelligenceCLL/SLLCNNdeep learningDLBCLhistopathology

Identifiers

PMID34067726
PMCPMC8156071

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.