ArticleCancers2021
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 in Colorectal Cancer: Another Therapeutic Side of Capecitabine.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regenerating gene 4 promotes chemoresistance of colorectal cancer by affecting lipid droplet synthesis and assembly.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Pooled it
- Association of CCL4 rs10491121 and rs1634507 gene polymorphisms with cancer susceptibility: trial sequential analysis and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of KN026, a bispecific anti-HER2 antibody, in combination with KN046, an anti-CTLA4/PD-L1 antibody, in patients with advanced HER2-positive nonbreast cancer: a combined analysis of a phase Ib and a phase II study.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- CTLA-4: a promising immunosuppressive immune checkpoint in prostate cancer therapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- A novel colchicine-binding site inhibitor suppresses triple-negative breast cancer growth and metastasis and synergizes with anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in an immunogenic cancer model.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2026Article
- Genetic Alterations Involved in Immune Escape Mechanisms of Circulating Tumour Cells in Colorectal Carcinogenesis.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Colorectal cancer-derived extracellular vesicles: at the crossroads of the tumor microenvironment and gut microbiota.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Theranostics in the management of colorectal cancer.Discover nano · 2025Review
- Impact of Doxorubicin and Docetaxel on Immune Checkpoint Expression in Colorectal Cancer: Insights into Chemotherapy Resistance Mechanisms.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Production of novel theranostic nano-vector based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/miR-497 targeting colorectal cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Arginine vasopressin (AVP) treatment increases the expression of inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules in monocyte-derived dendritic cells.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- Multi-omics analysis of the biological function of the VEGF family in colon adenocarcinoma.Functional & integrative genomics · 2024Article
- Colorectal cancer: Recent advances in management and treatment.World journal of clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Neuromedin U receptor 1 deletion leads to impaired immunotherapy response and high malignancy in colorectal cancer.iScience · 2024Article
- Redefining the battle against colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review of emerging immunotherapies and their clinical efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- A Case Report of Pathologically Complete Response of a Huge Lymph Node Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer After Treatment with Intratumoral Oncolytic Virus H101 and Capecitabine.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2024Article
- Role of CTLA4 and pSTAT3 Immunostaining in Prognosis and Treatment of the Colorectal Carcinoma.Iranian journal of pathology · 2024Article
- Causal linkage between type 2 diabetes mellitus and inflammatory bowel disease: an integrated Mendelian randomization study and bioinformatics analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- EMT-induced immune evasion: connecting the dots from mechanisms to therapy.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an inhibitory immune checkpoint that can be expressed in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. This immune checkpoint can attenuate anti-tumoral immune responses and facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. Although capecitabine is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for treating CRC, its effect on the tumoral CTLA-4 expression remains unclear. In the current research, we applied the GSE110224 and GSE25070 datasets to characterize CTLA-4 expression in CRC patients. Then, we analyzed CTLA-4 expression in CRC samples, HT-29, HCT-166, and SW480 cell lines using real-time PCR. Our bioinformatic results have highlighted the overexpression of CTLA-4 in the CRC tissues compared to the adjacent non-tumoral tissues. Our in vitro studies have indicated that SW480 cells can substantially overexpress CTLA-4 compared to HT-29 and HCT 116 cells. In addition, capecitabine can remarkably downregulate the expression of CTLA-4 in SW480 cells. Collectively, capecitabine can inhibit the expression of CTLA-4 in CRC cells and might bridge the immunotherapy approaches with chemotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.