ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Metoprolol and Its Degradation and Transformation Products Using AOPs-Assessment of Aquatic Ecotoxicity Using QSAR.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac in water by nanoparticulate CuScientific reports · 2026Article
- Procedural Challenges in Soil Sample Preparation for Pharmaceuticals Analysis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Wastewater remediation of pharmaceuticals with ozone and granular active carbon: a risk-driven approach.Environmental science : water research & technology · 2025Article
- Toxicity of pharmaceutical micropollutants on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using blood biomarkers.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Toxicity of ACP-105: a substance used as doping in sports: application of in silico methods for prediction of selected toxicological endpoints.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Guidance document on the impact of water treatment processes on residues of active substances or their metabolites in water abstracted for the production of drinking water.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are found in waterbodies worldwide. Conventional sewage treatment plants are often not able to eliminate these micropollutants. Hence, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have been heavily investigated. Here, metoprolol is exposed to UV irradiation, hydrogen peroxide, and ozonation. Degradation was analyzed using chemical kinetics both for initial and secondary products. Photo-induced irradiation enhanced by hydrogen peroxide addition accelerated degradation more than ozonation, leading to complete elimination. Degradation and transformation products were identified by high-performance liquid-chromatography coupled to high-resolution higher-order mass spectrometry. The proposed structures allowed to apply Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis to predict ecotoxicity. Degradation products were generally associated with a lower ecotoxicological hazard to the aquatic environment according to OECD QSAR toolbox and VEGA. Comparison of potential structural isomers suggested forecasts may become more reliable with larger databases in the future.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.