Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34067317›Full record

ArticleMarine drugs2021

Spirulina Microalgae and Brain Health: A Scoping Review of Experimental and Clinical Evidence.

Vincenzo Sorrenti, Davide Augusto Castagna, Stefano Fortinguerra, Alessandro Buriani, Giovanni Scapagnini, Donald Craig Willcox

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in Marine drugs, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05648422 (Effect of the Nutritional Support System), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05648422 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Effect of the Nutritional Support System (NSS) on Neuromotor Alterations in Patients With Cerebral Palsy

TypeinterventionalSponsorAnahuac UniversityRan2023 to 2025Enrolled144ConditionsCerebral Palsy, Spastic, MalnutritionArmsProbiotics, NSS Nutritional Support System, Deworming, Specific diet, Conventional diet (WHO)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Study ofCurrent aging science · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2025
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Vincenzo SorrentiDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4716-7401
Davide Augusto CastagnaMedicRiab srls Via Novara, 6, 36071 Arzignano, Italy.
Stefano FortinguerraIRCCS SDN, 80143 Napoli, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6111-332X
Alessandro BurianiMaria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9742-8991
Giovanni ScapagniniDepartment of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1592-5586
Donald Craig WillcoxDepartment of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan 901-2701, Japan.
Kuakini Medical Center · USSDN Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare · ITUniversity of Molise · ITUniversity of Padua · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spirulina microalgae contain a plethora of nutrient and non-nutrient molecules providing brain health benefits. Numerous in vivo evidence has provided support for the brain health potential of spirulina, highlighting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective mechanisms. Preliminary clinical studies have also suggested that spirulina can help to reduce mental fatigue, protect the vascular wall of brain vessels from endothelial damage and regulate internal pressure, thus contributing to the prevention and/or mitigating of cerebrovascular conditions. Furthermore, the use of spirulina in malnourished children appears to ameliorate motor, language, and cognitive skills, suggesting a reinforcing role in developmental mechanisms. Evidence of the central effect of spirulina on appetite regulation has also been shown. This review aims to understand the applicative potential of spirulina microalgae in the prevention and mitigation of brain disorders, highlighting the nutritional value of this "superfood", and providing the current knowledge on relevant molecular mechanisms in the brain associated with its dietary introduction.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsMicroalgaeSpirulinaAnimalsBiological AvailabilityBrainHumansNeuroprotective AgentsNeuroprotective AgentsBDNFbrain healthnutraceuticalsseaweedsspirulina

Identifiers

PMID34067317
PMCPMC8224803
OpenAlexW3164548117

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.