ReviewBiology2021
Beneficial Effects of Betaine: A Comprehensive Review.
Review in Biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 153 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 267 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of egg consumption on circulating choline, betaine, and trimethylamine n-oxide in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrition journal · 2025Pooled it
- Betaine supplementation modulates mitochondrial and redox-related adaptations in premenopausal women with overweight: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Choline supplementation in preterm infants: effects of four different supplements on choline plasma concentrations.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Betaine Supplementation Improves 60 km Cycling Time Trial Performance and One-Carbon Metabolism in Cyclists During Recovery.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Use of a Micronutrient Cocktail to Improve Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in Adults with Obesity: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Pilot Clinical Trial.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Trial
- Changes in Choline Metabolites and Ceramides in Response to a DASH-Style Diet in Older Adults.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Article
- Betaine in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Plasma Metabolomic Alterations Are Associated with T-Cell Senescence, Cytokine Dysregulation, and Prognosis in Elderly COVID-19 Patients.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- The Gut-Heart Axis in Cardiovascular Disease: Microbial Metabolites, Mediterranean and Traditional Turkish Dietary Patterns, and Personalized Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Enhancing Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity and Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Bile Acid Metabolism in Largemouth Bass Through Dietary Betaine Supplementation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal profiling of upper respiratory tract microbiota and metabolome in hospitalized COVID-19 convalescents: a 3-year prospective cohort study.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Betaine Alleviates Favipiravir-induced Ovarian and Uterine Toxicity by Regulating Oxidative, Inflammatory, Cellular Death, Steroidogenic, Hormonal, and Histopathological Changes.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Betaine Promotes Milk Protein Synthesis via Alleviating Oxidative Stress Caused by NEFA in Mammary Epithelial Cells of Dairy Cows.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Article
- Complementary hyperpolarizedNpj imaging · 2026Article
- Effects of Dietary Betaine on Growth Performance, Serum Metabolites, and Meat Quality of Pigs: A Meta-Analysis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Integrative taxonomic and phytopharmacological analysis of ethnobotanical Acanthaceae species from Manipur, India.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- S-Methylmethionine (Vitamin U): A Critical Narrative Review of Pharmacological Mechanisms, Evidence Levels, and Translational Barriers.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Betaine Alters the Interplay of the Adenosine andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Prenatal Methyl Nutrient Availability Shapes Mesolimbic Dopaminergic Circuitry and Systemic Inflammation in Wistar Rat Offspring of Both Sexes.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Article
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Medicinal herbs and many food ingredients possess favorable biological properties that contribute to their therapeutic activities. One such natural product is betaine, a stable, nontoxic natural substance that is present in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Betaine is also endogenously synthesized through the metabolism of choline or exogenously consumed through dietary intake. Betaine mainly functions as (i) an osmolyte and (ii) a methyl-group donor. This review describes the major physiological effects of betaine in whole-body health and its ability to protect against both liver- as well as non-liver-related diseases and conditions. Betaine's role in preventing/attenuating both alcohol-induced and metabolic-associated liver diseases has been well studied and is extensively reviewed here. Several studies show that betaine protects against the development of alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, apoptosis, and accumulation of damaged proteins. Additionally, it can significantly prevent/attenuate progressive liver injury by preserving gut integrity and adipose function. The protective effects are primarily associated with the regulation of methionine metabolism through removing homocysteine and maintaining cellular SAM:SAH ratios. Similarly, betaine prevents metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and its progression. In addition, betaine has a neuroprotective role, preserves myocardial function, and prevents pancreatic steatosis. Betaine also attenuates oxidant stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and cancer development. To conclude, betaine exerts significant therapeutic and biological effects that are potentially beneficial for alleviating a diverse number of human diseases and conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.