Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34067129›Full record

ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Machine Learning Prediction Models for Chronic Kidney Disease Using National Health Insurance Claim Data in Taiwan.

Surya Krishnamurthy, Kapeleshh Ks, Erik Dovgan, Mitja Luštrek, Barbara Gradišek Piletič, Kathiravan Srinivasan, Yu-Chuan Jack Li, Anton Gradišek, Shabbir Syed-Abdul

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Decoding Natural Language Processing and Large Language Models in Kidney Health.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Observational
  11. Artificial intelligence applications in health insurances: a scoping review.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2025
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Surya KrishnamurthySchool of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India.ORCID 0000-0002-6876-570X
Kapeleshh KsDepartment of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.ORCID 0000-0003-4938-3594
Erik DovganDepartment of Intelligent Systems, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Mitja LuštrekDepartment of Intelligent Systems, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.ORCID 0000-0003-3219-2935
Barbara Gradišek PiletičNovo Mesto General Hospital, Šmihelska Cesta 1, 8000 Novo Mesto, Slovenia.
Kathiravan SrinivasanSchool of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India.ORCID 0000-0002-9352-0237
Yu-Chuan Jack LiGraduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
Anton GradišekDepartment of Intelligent Systems, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.ORCID 0000-0001-6480-9587
Shabbir Syed-AbdulGraduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-0412-767X

Funding

ARRS P2-0209H2020 Health 727560Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan 106-3805-018-110
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a heavy burden on the healthcare system because of the increasing number of patients, high risk of progression to end-stage renal disease, and poor prognosis of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to develop a machine-learning model that uses the comorbidity and medication data obtained from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database to forecast the occurrence of CKD within the next 6 or 12 months before its onset, and hence its prevalence in the population. A total of 18,000 people with CKD and 72,000 people without CKD diagnosis were selected using propensity score matching. Their demographic, medication and comorbidity data from their respective two-year observation period were used to build a predictive model. Among the approaches investigated, the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) model performed best with a test set AUROC of 0.957 and 0.954 for the 6-month and 12-month predictions, respectively. The most prominent predictors in the tree-based models were identified, including diabetes mellitus, age, gout, and medications such as sulfonamides and angiotensins. The model proposed in this study could be a useful tool for policymakers in predicting the trends of CKD in the population. The models can allow close monitoring of people at risk, early detection of CKD, better allocation of resources, and patient-centric management.

Indexed as

chronic kidney diseasedeep learningelectronic health recordsmachine learning

Identifiers

PMID34067129
PMCPMC8151834

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.