ReviewCells2021
Microglial Adenosine Receptors: From Preconditioning to Modulating the M1/M2 Balance in Activated Cells.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gq Signaling in Microglia Triggers Interferon Responses and Improves Outcome After Ischemic Stroke.Glia · 2026Article
- Treating myocardial infarction combined with depression via regulating M1/TNF-α/TNFR1/NF-κB.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Capsaicin suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory responses via NLRP3/CASP-1/IL-1β axis and purinergic pathways in BV-2 microglial cells.Purinergic signalling · 2026Article
- Chemokine CCL2 Mediates Neuroglial Crosstalk and Drives Chronic Pain Pathogenesis.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- Dual Role of the Spinal Endocannabinoid System in Response to Noxious Stimuli: Antinociceptive Pathways and Neuropathic Pain Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Role and Mechanisms of G protein-coupled receptors in Parkinson's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Review
- Structural Insights and Biological Activities of Furan-Based Drugs in the Treatment of Human Diseases.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2025Review
- Adenosine signaling in tumor-associated macrophages and targeting adenosine signaling for cancer therapy.Cancer biology & medicine · 2024Review
- Alzheimer's Disease, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on Common Neuroglial Dysfunctions (Critical Review and New Data on Human Brain and Models).Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Research progress of propofol in alleviating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Review
- Microglial adenosine AFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Neurodegenerative diseases and catechins: (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a modulator of chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Impaired olfactory performance and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of multiple sclerosis are associated with enhanced adenosine signaling in the olfactory bulb via AFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Cyclo (MQCNS) has the potential to treat ischemic stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- Caffeine for Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Is the ABiomolecules · 2023Review
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Exosomes Mediate M2-like Macrophage Polarization through CD73/Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase Activity.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- The effects and potential of microglial polarization and crosstalk with other cells of the central nervous system in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2023Review
- Curcumin-dependent phenotypic transformation of microglia mediates resistance to pseudorabies-induced encephalitis.Veterinary research · 2023Article
- The Physio-Pathological Role of Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Expressed by Microglia in Health and Disease with a Focus on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- CD39/CD73/A2AR pathway and cancer immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neuronal survival depends on the glia, that is, on the astroglial and microglial support. Neurons die and microglia are activated not only in neurodegenerative diseases but also in physiological aging. Activated microglia, once considered harmful, express two main phenotypes: the pro-inflammatory or M1, and the neuroprotective or M2. When neuroinflammation, i.e., microglial activation occurs, it is important to achieve a good M1/M2 balance, i.e., at some point M1 microglia must be skewed into M2 cells to impede chronic inflammation and to afford neuronal survival. G protein-coupled receptors in general and adenosine receptors in particular are potential targets for increasing the number of M2 cells. This article describes the mechanisms underlying microglial activation and analyzes whether these cells exposed to a first damaging event may be ready to be preconditioned to better react to exposure to more damaging events. Adenosine receptors are relevant due to their participation in preconditioning. They can also be overexpressed in activated microglial cells. The potential of adenosine receptors and complexes formed by adenosine receptors and cannabinoids as therapeutic targets to provide microglia-mediated neuroprotection is here discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.